山前带横波地震采集质控技术与应用

Quality Control Technology of S-Wave Seismic Acquisition in Piedmont Zone and Its Application

横波地震勘探具有微裂缝预测、气云区成像等诸多天然优势,近年来地球物理界对横波勘探的关注和攻关正在快速升温。但横波地震采集在激发、接收等环节与我们熟知的纵波地震采集有明显不同,对施工质量要求的限制因素更多,也更为严格。以塔里木盆地山前横波地震采集试验线为例,详细阐述了三分量检波器的埋置和角度校正,以及横波震源激发方位控制等关键环节的施工流程及质控技术,并对横波资料进行了处理分析。结果表明,为提高横波地震采集资料成像效果,在横波地震采集方法方面应采用更高覆盖次数的观测系统和较大的横波震源驱动幅度;在深层地震地质条件方面应尽量避开高陡复杂构造区;在原始资料信噪比方面应加强对环境噪音的控制。现场试验为横波地震采集技术的质量控制和推广应用提供了有效的技术参考。

S-wave seismic exploration has many natural advantages,such as micro-fracture prediction and gas cloud area imaging.In recent years,the attention and research of geophysical circles on S-wave exploration are rapidly heating up.S-wave seismic acquisition,however,is obviously different from the P-wave seismic acquisition that we are familiar with regarding excitation,reception,and other aspects,and has more restrictive factors and stricter requirements for construction quality.In this paper,the piedmont S-wave seismic acquisition test line in the Tarim Basin is used as an example to expound in detail the construction process and quality control technology of the key links such as the embedding and angle correction of the 3-component geophone,as well as the excitation azimuth control of the S-wave source.The processing and analysis results of S-wave data show that in order to improve the imaging effect of Swave seismic acquisition data,an observation system with higher coverage times and larger S-wave source driving amplitude should be adopted in terms of S-wave seismic acquisition method,high,steep and complex structural areas should be avoided where possible in terms of deep seismic geological conditions,and the control of environmental noise should be strengthened in terms of the signal-tonoise ratio of original data.Field tests have provided technical reference for the quality control,popularization and application of Swave seismic acquisition technology.