我国反垄断法中没收违法所得制度的系统化重构

Systematic Reconstruction of the System of Confiscating Illegal Income in China’s Anti-monopoly Law

我国反垄断法的首次修改并未突破没收违法所得“并处”行政罚款的强制性模式,反而因引入民事公益诉讼和刑事责任放大了多元救济衔接不畅的问题,加之目前违法所得衡量尺度不一致、“以罚代没”数额拟制不科学等难题,反垄断没收违法所得出现了立法与实践的背离。然而,没收违法所得具有独特的性质、功能和价值,与其他救济措施无法相互替代,具有存在的合理必要性。因此,通过考察世界范围内没收违法所得与罚款的适用模式,我国可以采取复用模式替代“并处”模式保证没收违法所得的灵活适用,同时细化违法所得认定与计算方法并建立垄断违法所得专项资金账户,将违法所得返还受损主体,实现市场主体利益的平衡,畅通多元救济措施间的衔接。

The first amendment of China’s anti-monopoly law did not break through the mandatory mode of confiscating illegal income and“imposing”administrative fines.Instead,the introduction of civil public interest litigation and criminal liability magnified the problem of poor connection of multiple remedies.In addition,the current standards for measuring illegal income are inconsistent,and the amount of“substitute fines for confiscation”is unscientific.Therefore,the anti-monopoly confiscation of illegal income has deviated from legislation and practice.However,the confiscation of illegal income has a unique nature,function and value,which can not be replaced by other relief measures.It is reasonable and necessary to exist.Therefore,by reviewing the applicable models of confiscating illegal income and fines worldwide,China can adopt the common model to replace the concurrent model to ensure the flexible application of confiscated illegal income,and at the same time,refine the identification and calculation methods of illegal income and establish a special fund account for monopoly illegal income,return the illegal income to the damaged subject,achieve the balance of market subject interests,and smooth the connection between multiple relief measures.