从“《诗》本事”到“诗本事”:古代诗歌本事批评的传承与发展

From“Original Stories of The Book of Songs”to“Original Stories of Poems”:the Inheritance and Development of Original Story Criticism of Poems

“《诗》本事”和“诗本事”存在继承关系,“《诗》本事”经历了先秦的滥觞期和汉代的积蓄期,呈现出目的明确、情节丰富、结构完善等特点。魏晋南北朝的“《诗》本事”相对沉寂,“诗本事”空前繁荣,结构稳定在“事+诗”和“作者+事”两种模式。唐代为“诗本事”的成熟确立期,大量本事专著问世,创作实践丰富、理论总结完备、结构模式统一,在文学内部规律和外部发展的双重作用下,狭义的“《诗》本事”正式泛化成为广义的“诗本事”,宋以后为“诗本事”的继续发展期。“《诗》本事”和“诗本事”在故事类型、文本结构、史料价值、材料虚实方面具有相通之处,在性质和辨伪上有不同之处。

An inheritance relationship exists between“original stories of The Book of Songs”and“original stories of poems”.“Original stories of The Book of Songs”experienced the rudimentary stage in pre-Qin period and the accumulational stage in Han Dynasty,showing the characteristics of clear purpose,rich plot and thorough structure.In Southern and Northern Dynasties,“original stories of The Book of Songs”was at a standstill.“Original stories of poems”was prosperous,whose structure was stable in two modes:“matter+story”and“author+story”.“Original stories of poems”was mature in Tang Dynasty,when a lot of monographs were published.The creation practices were abundant,theories were completed,and the structure model was unified.Under the dual function of internal laws and external development of literature,“original stories of The Book of Songs”formally generalized into“original stories of poems”and continued to develop in Song Dynasty.“Original stories of The Book of Songs”and“original stories of poems”had similarities in story type,text structure,historical value and material fact,but differences in quality and falsification.