行政复议实质性化解行政争议的功能定位与制度完善

Functional positioning and system improvement of administrative reconsideration in resolving administrative disputes

《法治政府建设实施纲要(2021—2025)》将《法治政府建设实施纲要(2015—2020)》中的“依法有效化解社会矛盾纠纷”调整为“健全社会矛盾纠纷行政预防调处化解体系”,这表明化解矛盾纠纷的方式和要求发生了变化,而作为矛盾纠纷化解方式之一的行政复议制度的功能定位也随之发生了变化,需要实质性化解行政争议。在取消共同被告制度后,行政复议机关的中立性得到保证,其提供救济的司法性定位可以得到确认。尽管行政复议制度具备专业性强、程序简便、高效快捷、行政机关资源配置能力更强等优势,但现行的行政复议制度设计在受案范围、复议渠道、审理程序和复议决定履行等方面仍需进行相应完善,以真正发挥其实质性化解行政争议的功能,为相对人提供更加便捷高效的救济途径。

In the Implementation Outline for the Construction of Government under the Rule of Law(2021-2025)adjusted“effectively resolving social conflicts and disputes in accordance with the law”in the Implementation Outline for the Construction of Government under the Rule of Law(2015-2020)to“improving the administrative prevention,mediation and resolution system for social conflicts and disputes”,which indicates that the methods and requirements for resolving conflicts and disputes have changed,and the functional positioning of the administrative reconsideration system,as one of the methods to resolve conflicts and disputes,has also changed accordingly,requiring substantive resolution of administrative disputes.After the cancellation of the co-defendant system,the neutrality of the administrative reconsideration agency is guaranteed,and its judicial positioning of providing relief can be confirmed.Although the administrative reconsideration system has the advantages of strong professionalism,simple procedures,high efficiency and quickness,and stronger resource allocation capability of administrative agencies,the current design of the administrative reconsideration system still needs to be improved in terms of the scope of cases,reconsideration channels,trial procedures,and implementation of reconsideration decisions,so as to substantially resolve administrative disputes and provide more convenient and efficient way of relief for the counterparty.