非禁食法换羽对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、卵泡数量和生殖激素的影响

Effects of Non-Fasting Method Moulting on Performance,Egg Quality,Follicle Number and Reproductive Hormones of Laying Hens

本试验旨在研究非禁食法换羽对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、卵泡数量和生殖激素的影响。试验选取180只健康、体重相近、产蛋率基本一致的90周龄大午金凤蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只。试验组(非禁食组)采用非禁食法对蛋鸡进行换羽,负对照组不进行集中换羽处理,正对照组(禁食组)采用禁食法进行换羽。结果显示:1)非禁食组蛋鸡在第16天停止产蛋,第40天体重下降到标准范围(25%~35%),恢复饲喂基础饲粮14 d后开始产蛋,第20天产蛋率达48.8%,第29天产蛋率达85%以上,整个试验期无死亡现象。2)换羽后二次产蛋高峰期,非禁食组的蛋壳强度、蛋白高度和哈氏单位与禁食组无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于负对照组(P<0.05)。3)换羽期间,非禁食组排卵前卵泡(PF)、小黄卵泡(SYF)和大白卵泡(LWF)数量较负对照组显著减少(P<0.05);换羽后,非禁食组卵泡数量逐渐增加,至二次产蛋高峰期时3组无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)换羽后,非禁食组血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E)和孕酮(Prog)含量显著高于负对照组(P<0.05),但与禁食组无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,非禁食法换羽可激发后期蛋鸡卵巢潜力,改善生产性能和蛋品质,降低死亡率,在生产中替代禁食法换羽可在保障动物福利的基础上提高生产效益,对于蛋鸡生产具有重要意义。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of non-fasting method moulting on the performance,egg quality,follicle number and reproductive hormones of laying hens.A total of 180 healthy Dawu Jinfeng laying hens with similar body weight and basically the same egg production rate were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 12 hens per replicate.The experimental group(non-fasting group)used the non-fasting method to moult the laying hens,the negative control group did not undergo centralized moulting,and the positive control group(fasting group)used the fasting method to moult.The results showed as follows:1)the laying hens in the non-fasting group stopped laying eggs on the 16th day,the body weight decreased to the standard range(25% to 35%)on the 40th day,and began to lay eggs after 14 days of returning to the basal diet.The egg production rate on the 20th day was 48.8%,and on the 29th day,the egg production rate was more than 85%,and there was no death phenomenon in the whole test period.2)During the peak period of secondary egg production after moulting,the eggshell strength,protein height and Haugh unit in the non-fasting group were not significantly different from those in the fasting group(P>0.05),but were significantly higher than those in the negative control group(P0.05).4)After moulting,the contents of serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estrogen(E)and progesterone(Prog)in the non-fasting group were significantly higher than those in the negative control group(P 0.05).It can be seen that the non-fasting method moulting can stimulate the ovarian potential of later laying hens,improve performance and egg quality,and reduce mortality.Replacing the fasting method moulting in production,non-fasting method moulting can improve production efficiency on the basis of ensuring animal welfare,and it is of great significance to the production of laying hens.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(11):7013-7023]