饲料不同脂肪源对鳙鱼生长性能及肉品质的影响

Effects of Dietary Different Lipid Sources on Growth Performance and Flesh Quality of Bighead Carp

本试验旨在研究饲料不同脂肪源对鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)生长性能及肉品质的影响。将300尾健康活泼、体重[(42.65±0.26)g]一致、大小均匀的鳙鱼随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。各组分别饲喂饲料中添加3%大豆油(SO组)、菜籽油(RO组)、花生油(PO组)、葵花油(SU组)、玉米油(CO组)为脂肪源配制成的5种等氮等脂试验饲料。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)SO组的终末体重显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),增重率和特定增长率(SGR)显著高于PO组和CO组(P<0.05)。PO组的终末体重、增重率和SGR显著低于SO组、RO组和SU组(P<0.05)。2)PO组和SU组的肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),SO组和CO组的肌肉粗灰分含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)RO组的肌肉滴水损失和蒸煮损失均显著低于CO组(P<0.05),SO组的肌肉蒸煮损失和离心损失均显著低于CO组(P<0.05)。SO组的肌肉硬度和咀嚼性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。4)SO组和SU组的肌肉铁含量显著高于PO组和CO组(P<0.05),PO组和CO组的肌肉镁含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),SU组的肌肉锌含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。5)SO组的肌肉二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量显著高于PO组(P<0.05),RO组、PO组的肌肉二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著高于SU组和CO组(P<0.05),SU组的肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著高于SO组、RO组和PO组(P<0.05),RO组的肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),RO组的肌肉n-3 PUFA含量显著高于SU组和CO组(P<0.05),RO组的肌肉n-3/n-6 PUFA显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。6)RO组的肌肉非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),RO组的肌肉总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸含量显著高于SO组、SU组和CO组(P<0.05)。RO组的肌肉必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最高,CO组最低。综上所述,从生长性能方面来看,SO组的鳙鱼生长性能最好,PO组和CO组的生长性能较差。从肉品质方面来看,SO组、RO组的鳙鱼具有较好的肌肉持水力、质构特性及脂肪酸组成,RO组的鳙鱼具有较好的氨基酸品质。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary different lipid sources on growth performance and flesh quality of bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis).A total of 300 athletic,uniform bighead carp with an average body weight[(42.65±0.26)g]were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate.Fish in five groups were fed five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets which were formulated by adding 3%soybean oil(SO group),rapeseed oil(RO group),peanut oil(PO group),sunflower oil(SU group)and corn oil(CO group)as lipid sources.The experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight of SO group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the weight gain rate and specific growth rate(SGR)were significantly higher than those of PO group and CO group(P<0.05).The final body weight,weight gain rate and SGR of PO group were significantly lower than those of SO group,RO group and SU group(P<0.05).2)The flesh crude protein content of PO group and SU group were significantly lower than those of other groups(P<0.05),and the flesh crude ash content of SO group and CO group were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).3)The flesh drip loss and cooking loss of RO group were significantly lower than those of CO group(P<0.05),and the flesh cooking loss and centrifugation loss of SO group were significantly lower than those of CO group(P<0.05).The flesh hardness and chewiness of SO group were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).4)The flesh iron content of SO group and SU group was significantly higher than those of PO group and CO group(P<0.05),the flesh magnesium content of PO group and CO group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the flesh zinc content of SU group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).5)The flesh eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)content of SO group was significantly higher than that of PO group(P<0.05),the flesh docose hexaenoic acid(DHA)content of RO group and PO group was significantly higher than that of SU group and CO group(P<0.05),the flesh polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)content of SU group was significantly higher than that of SO group,RO group and PO group(P<0.05),the flesh saturated fatty acids(SFA)content of RO group was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05),the flesh n-3 PUFA content of RO group was significantly higher than that of SU group and CO group(P<0.05),and the flesh n-3/n-6 PUFA of RO group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).6)The contents of non-essential amino acids and fresh amino acids in flesh of RO group were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05),and the contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,semi-essential amino acids in flesh of RO group were significantly higher than those of SO group,SU group and CO group(P<0.05).The flesh essential amino acid index(EAAI)of RO group was the highest,and that of CO group was the lowest.To sum up,in terms of growth performance,the growth performance of bighead carp of SO group is the best,while the growth performance of PO group and CO group is poor.In terms of flesh quality,the water holding capacity,texture characteristics and fatty acid composition of bighead carp of SO group and RO group are better,and the amino acid quality of bighead carp of RO group is better.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(11):7317-7331]