4D打印形状记忆合金研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of 4D Printing of Shape Memory Alloys

4D打印主要是指将3D打印技术与智能材料结合制备智能构件的技术。智能构件可以在外界环境刺激下发生形状和性能的变化。形状记忆合金作为一种在外界刺激下可以发生马氏体和奥氏体互相转变而引起形状变化的智能材料,是金属4D打印的主要材料。4D打印形状记忆合金不仅可解决传统加工技术引起的晶粒粗大、杂质含量高、表面质量粗糙等问题,还可实现复杂结构的整体化制造,可加大促进形状记忆合金的应用与发展。综述4D打印NiTi基、Cu基、Fe基和Ni-Mn-Ga基形状记忆合金的成形工艺、微观组织与性能研究进展,对4D打印形状记忆合金的发展进行展望,为4D打印形状记忆合金的研究与应用提供有益参考。

4D printing mainly refers to the technology of preparing smart components by combining 3D printing technology with smart materials.Smart components can undergo shape and performance changes under external environmental stimuli.Shape memory alloy is the main material for 4D printing of metals.It can undergo interactive phase transformation of martensite and austenite under external stimuli and cause shape changes.4D printing of shape memory alloys can not only solve the problems of coarse grain size,high impurity content and poor surface quality caused by traditional processing technology,but also realize the integral manufacturing of complex structures,which can increase the application and development of shape memory alloys.This paper reviews the progresses of the forming process,microstructures and properties of 4D printed NiTi-based,Cu-based,Fe-based and Ni-Mn-Gabased shape memory alloys,and provides an outlook on the development of 4D printed shape memory alloys to provide useful references for the research and application of 4D printed shape memory alloys.