电弧熔丝增材及局部塑性变形复合制造技术研究进展

Progress of Hybrid Manufacturing for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing and Partial Plastic Forming Technology

电弧熔丝增材制造是一种适用于大型金属构件快速成形的技术,具有设备成本低、材料利用率高、沉积效率高、自动化水平高和灵活方便等优点,也存在组织性能不良等缺陷。塑性变形是一种改善电弧熔丝增材制造气孔缺陷、组织性能不均匀和残余应力分布的有效方法。由电弧熔丝增材与局部塑性变形结合的复合制造工艺利于实现零件的“控性”,但其复杂的路径规划、复合工具头、振动和压力等增加了形状精度控制难度。总结了层间冷轧、在线热轧、机械冲击、超声冲击、激光冲击等局部塑性变形工艺对电弧熔丝增材制造试件微观组织、残余应力、各向异性和表面质量的影响,分析了复合制造工艺的困境和问题。结合塑性变形对焊接组织的强化规律和电弧增材在线控制,从电弧熔丝增材及局部塑性变形复合制造的“形性双控”的角度展望了未来发展趋势,为电弧增材制备复杂件提供参考。

Wire arc additive manufacturing technology is a technology suitable for rapid prototyping of large metal components.It has the advantages of low equipment cost,high material utilization,high deposition efficiency,high automation level,flexibility and convenience,as well as defects such as poor microstructure property and performance.Plastic forming is an effective technology to improve welding porosities,the microstructure property and residual stress distribution of components manufactured by wire and arc additive.The hybrid manufacturing technology of wire arc additive manufacturing and partial plastic forming is beneficial to realize the"mechanical property controlling"of parts.However,the complicated additive manufacturing path planning,combination tool head of printing and knocking,vibration and pressure stress increase the difficulty of shape precision controlling.The effects of local plastic deformation processes such as interlayer cold rolling,hot rolling,mechanical shock,ultrasonic peening and laser shock on the microstructure,residual stress,anisotropy and surface quality of specimens manufactured of wire arc additive are summarized.Combined with the hardening law of plastic deformation on welding structure and the control of arc additive process,the development trend of hybrid manufacturing technology for wire arc additive manufacturing and partial plastic forming is discussed from the coordinate controlling of mechanical property and shape precision,which provides references for the manufacturing of complex parts.