海南省部分地区甲壳类海产品中金属含量调查

Investigation of metals in crustaceans in parts of Hainan Province, China

目的 分析海南沿海地区甲壳类海产品中金属(类金属)分布情况及其食用健康风险。方法 分别对2015、2017和2019年采自海南部分沿海地区(昌江、文昌、万宁和儋州)虾类和蟹类245份样本中镉、铅、砷、汞含量进行分析,采用单因子污染指数(P)法和简单分布模型,评价该地区金属的污染程度和评估人群健康风险。结果 蟹类中镉、无机砷和甲基汞含量均高于虾类,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),蟹类和虾类中铅含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除铅外,四个市县甲壳类镉、无机砷和甲基汞在这三个年份的含量均值均呈现上升趋势。2019年四个市县甲壳类镉P均>1,铅、无机砷和甲基汞P均<1。四个市县人群甲壳类镉、铅、无机砷和甲基汞暴露量均低于其相应的允许摄入量或基准剂量,四个地区人群暴露量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),儿童暴露量超过成人暴露量的2倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 相比虾类,蟹类更容易富集镉、无机砷和甲基汞;四个地区甲壳类镉、无机砷和甲基汞污染水平在这三年有上升趋势;2019年四个市县甲壳类镉污染均较为严重,应加强该片区海洋环境监管力度;2019年四个市县人群经食用甲壳类海产品摄入镉、铅、无机砷和甲基汞的健康风险均在安全范围内;儿童暴露于以上四种金属健康风险高于成人,建议适量食用该类海产品。

Objective To analyze the distribution of metal and metalloid elements in crustaceans and to evaluate the human health risk of whom consume them in Hainan coastal areas. Methods The contents of cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury in 245 samples of crabs and shirmps collected from Changjiang, Wenchang, Wanning and Danzhou in 2015, 2017 and 2019 were determined. The single factor pollution index(P) and a simple distribution model were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metals pollution and the human health risk in the areas. Results The contents of cadmium, inorganic arsenic and methylmercury in crabs were significantly higher than those in shrimps(P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of lead between crabs and shrimps(P > 0.05). The average contents of cadmium, inorganic arsenic, and methylmercury in crustaceans from four areas showed an upward trend in these three years except lead(P<0.05). In 2019, the Pvalues of cadmium in crustaceans from four areas were above 1, and those of lead, inorganic arsenic and methylmercury, were all less than 1. The exposure levels of cadmium, lead, inorganic arsenic and methylmercury in crustaceans from four regions were all lower than their corresponding allowable intake or reference dose, and there was no significant difference in population exposure in the four areas(P>0.05). However, the exposure levels in children were twice than those of adults(P<0.05). Conclusion Crabs were more likely to accumulate cadmium, inorganic arsenic and methylmercury than shrimps. The pollution levels of cadmium, inorganic arsenic and methylmercury in crustaceans in the four areas had an upward trend in these three years. Cadmium pollution in crustaceans was serious in 2019, and the supervision of marine environment should be strengthened in these areas. The human health risk from exposure to cadmium, lead, inorganic arsenic and methylmercury through eating crustaceans in the four regions were all within the safe limits in 2019. Children had higher health risks from exposure to the four metals than adults, and should consume these crustaceans in moderation.