工业社会学视域下“矿区社会”的变迁与社区重建--以S市岭东、岭西矿区为例

“Mining Society”Changes and Community Reconstruction from the Perspective of Industrial Sociology--A Case Study of Lingdong and Lingxi Mining Areas in S City

社会学意义上的社区重建,一般指以重大的自然或社会变动和挑战为契机,在政府或其他社会主体主导下发生的社区重组和再建现象,具体表现为在空间、组织及社会关系层面展开带有总体性的社会再建过程。典型的工业社区因与城市具有天然的亲和性,其社区重建往往是以城市更新来实现的,但受环境恶劣、资源枯竭、人口减少等因素的影响,作为工业社区特殊类型而存在的矿区社会却必须面临总体重建的选择。通过深入到S市岭东、岭西矿区展开田野调查,发现矿区社会在封闭自足的条件下表现出一种“另类现代性”,遵循单位办社会的逻辑,形成了具有亲密情感的组织空间和关系样态,呈现出典型的兼具生产和社会二重属性的矿区单位共同体。因受资源储量和开采强度的影响,作为资源型产业的煤炭业,其生命周期演进具有不可逆性。在资源枯竭、经济急速下行、人口流失、生态居住环境持续恶化的背景下,矿区社会必然走向衰败。S市岭东、岭西矿区在地方政府的直接主导下,整合国家政策资源,通过空间“集中化”和社区“缩小化”的方式,实现了工业社区重建,成为资源枯竭、人口减少背景下矿区社会重建的范例。

Community reconstruction in the sense of sociology generally refers to the phenomenon of community restructuring and reconstruction under the leadership of the government or other social subjects taking the opportunity of major natural or social changes and challenges,which is embodied in the overall social reconstruction process at the level of space,organization and social relations.Typical industrial communities have a natural affinity with the city,and their community reconstruction is often realized by urban renewal.However,affected by factors such as bad environment,resource exhaustion and population reduction,the mining community,as a special type of industrial community,must face the choice of overall reconstruction.In deep into Lingdong and Lingxi Mining Areas in S City,we found that the society under the condition of closed selfsufficiency mining area showed a“alternative modernity”,follow the unit for the logic of the society,formed the organization space of emotional intimacy and relationships,presents the typical production and social community of double attributes of mining area unit.Simultaneously,the life cycle evolution of coal industry as a resource-based industry has a strong irreversibility due to the influence of resource reserves and mining intensity.Under the background of resource exhaustion,rapid economic decline,population loss and continuous deterioration of ecological living environment,mining society is bound to decline.In view of this,under the direct leadership of the local government,the integration of national policy resources,through the way of spatial“centralization”and community“narrowing”,the reconstruction of industrial communities has been realized,creating an example of social reconstruction in mining areas under the background of resource exhaustion and population reduction.