铍的选矿研究现状和展望

Present Situation and Prospect of Mineral Processing of Beryllium

简述了铍的资源分布、铍矿物种类、类型及国内需求;介绍了铍矿物不同的选矿方法,对于不同的铍矿物绿柱石、羟硅铍石、硅铍石和金绿宝石的选矿现状进行详细的阐述。主要内容包括:绿柱石的选矿工艺流程、锂铍分离的工艺流程、绿柱石的常规浮选药剂、新药剂和新工艺等;羟硅铍石的浮选工艺和浮选药剂,以及采用化学选矿、浮选—化学选矿联合工艺等;硅铍石和金绿宝石的浮选药剂以及浮选—浸出联合工艺;铍矿床中资源综合利用情况,包括锂辉石、铌、钽、铷、云母、石英和长石等综合回收利用。为了改变国内铍资源高度依赖进口的现状,需要高度重视铍矿资源勘查;加强研发高效、环保、选择性强的铍矿物浮选药剂和开发合理的联合工艺流程,使低品位的铍矿山能够开发利用,实现其真正的价值。单一的选矿流程不能满足性质复杂的铍矿石的回收,联合工艺流程是今后回收铍矿物和伴生矿物的主要发展方向。重视伴生矿产资源的回收,根据不同伴生矿物自身的特性研发合理的工艺流程,对伴生矿物进行综合回收,实现矿山资源综合利用最大化,同时实现矿山无尾化,对生态环境进行保护。

The resource distribution of beryllium,the kinds and types of beryllium minerals and the domestic demand were briefly described.Different beneficiation methods of beryllium minerals were introduced and the present situation of the beneficiation of different beryllium minerals such as beryl,bertrandite,corundum and chrysoberyl was expounded in detail.The main contents include the mineral processing flowsheet of beryl,the flowsheet of separation of lithium and beryllium,the conventional flotation reagents,new reagents and new technology of beryl,the flotation technology and reagent of beryllium hydroxide silicate,the chemical beneficiation and the combined process of flotation and chemical beneficiation,flotation reagents and flotation-leaching process for corundum and chrysoberyl.The comprehensive utilization of resources in beryllium deposits included the comprehensive recovery and utilization of spodumene,niobium,tantalum,rubidium,mica,quartz and feldspar.In order to change the current situation that domestic beryllium resources were highly dependent on imports,it was necessary to attach great importance to the exploration of beryllium resources.We should strengthen the research and development of efficient,environmentally friendly and selective flotation reagents for beryllium minerals and developed reasonable combined process,so that low-grade beryllium mines can be developed and utilized to realize their real value.Single mineral processing flowsheet can not meet the complex nature of beryllium ore recovery,combined flowsheet was the future recovery of beryllium minerals and associated minerals of the main development direction.Attention should be paid to the recovery of associated mineral resources,and reasonable technological processes should be developed according to the characteristics of different associated minerals to comprehensively recover the associated minerals,so as to maximize the comprehensive utilization of mine resources,realize the tailless of mine and protect the ecological environment.