白钨矿浮选行为研究进展

Research Progress of Scheelite Flotation Behavior

钨作为一种稀有金属,目前主要应用于合金、电子和化工等领域,我国钨矿资源较为丰富,但多数属于难选矿物,其中具有开采经济价值的只有白钨矿和黑钨矿,但随着目前黑钨矿资源的减少,如何高效合理地利用白钨矿对国家经济的发展尤为重要。由于白钨矿和钙质脉石矿物具有相似的表面特性且白钨矿作为脆性矿物,在破碎过程中容易产生微细粒,因此白钨矿与钙质脉石矿物方解石、萤石的有效分离和如何有效回收微细粒白钨矿是目前浮选白钨矿的两个难题。针对这两个问题,从白钨矿的晶体化学、浮选作用机理对浮选白钨矿进行了介绍,此外还讨论了微细粒白钨矿的浮选工艺,其中白钨矿的晶体结构不同会使白钨矿表面呈现出不同的疏水性,进而影响白钨矿的可浮性。分析阐述了抑制剂和不同类型的捕收剂与白钨矿的作用机理及达到的效果,但目前这部分工作大多数还处于理论研究阶段。微细粒白钨矿浮选工艺主要有空化浮选、剪切絮凝浮选、载体浮选,三种形式都是通过间接增加微细粒白钨矿的表观粒径,使其处于易浮选状态,其优点是能减小微细粒白钨矿对浮选指标的影响,但未从根本上解决问题。

Tungsten as a kind of rare metal,mainly used in metal,electronics and chemical industry and other fields,tungsten resources in China is relatively abundant,but most are difficult to choose minerals,with the exploitation of economic value only scheelite and wolframite,but with the reduce of wolframite resources,how to efficient and reasonable use of scheelite is particularly important to the development of national economy.Because of scheelite and calcium on the surface properties of gangue minerals with similar and scheelite as brittle minerals,in the process of crushing is easy to produce the microgranular so scheelite and effective separation of gangue mineral calcium calcite and fluorite and how to effectively recycle microgranular scheelite is currently in flotation of scheelite is inevitable two problems.In view of these two problems,the flotation of scheelite is introduced from the crystal chemistry and flotation mechanism of scheelite,and the flotation process of fine scheelite is also discussed.The different crystal structure of scheelite will make the surface of scheelite show different hydrophobicity,which will affect the floatability of scheelite.The mechanism of action and effects of inhibitors and different types of collectors on scheelite are analyzed and described,but most of the work is still in the stage of theoretical research at present.The flotation process of ultrafine scheelite mainly consists of cavitation flotation,shear flocculation flotation and carrier flotation.The three forms of ultrafine scheelite flotation are made easy to be flotation by indirectly increasing the apparent particle size of ultrafine scheelite.The advantage is that it can reduce the effect of ultrafine scheelite on flotation index,but it does not fundamentally solve the problem.