乡村治理视野下的乡镇长群体——以全面抗战时期四川璧山县为中心的考察

Township Head Group in the Perspective of Rural Governance:An Examination of Bishan County in Sichuan during the Anti-Japanese War

乡镇政权的产生是近代以来国家权力下移和乡村治理能力提升的结果,在新县制改革中作为乡镇政权主导者的乡镇长群体被国民政府寄予了较高期望。通过对全面抗战时期四川璧山县乡镇长群体的分析,可以发现新县制下乡镇长群体仍是区域社会中地方精英的一部分。虽然乡镇长在治安、司法、调解等工作中发挥了积极作用,但在地方精英“劣化”的历史趋势之下,个人因素对地方行政仍有诸多负面影响。总之,乡镇长运用个人权力对乡村社会进行管控的行为在本质上仍是“人治”,由此也使得其主导下的乡村治理有利也有弊。

The emergence of township power is the result of the penetration of state power into rural areas and the improvement of rural governance capacity since modern times.In the reform of the new county system,as the leader of the township regime,the township head group have been placed high expectations by the national government.Through the examination of township head group in Bishan County during the anti-Japanese war,this paper finds that the township head group under the new county system is still a part of local elites in the regional society.Although township head group have played an active role in public security,justice and mediation,personal factors still have many negative effects on local administration under the historical trend of “deterioration” of local elites.In short,the village head’s control of the rural society through personal power is still “rule by man” in essence,which makes the rural governance under their leadership double-edged.