大通牦牛与枣北黄牛肺组织发育学特点比较

Comparison of Developmental Characteristics of Lung Tissue between Datong Yak and Zaobei Yellow Cattle

本试验选取不同发育阶段大通牦牛和枣北黄牛作为研究对象,运用苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色、Verhoeff's Van Gieson(EVG)染色等方法,观测其肺组织的显微结构。结果显示:随年龄增长,大通牦牛肺泡隔厚度(MAST)逐渐增厚,与枣北黄牛相比1日龄和成年时差异显著(P<0.05),大通牦牛单位面积内肺泡数(MAN)先增长后减少,随年龄增长,肺泡壁弹性纤维占比和血管弹性纤维占比先降低后升高再降低,血管中膜占比呈现先升高再降低的特点;与枣北黄牛相比,大通牦牛具有出生时肺泡隔较薄,成年后肺泡隔较厚,单位面积内肺泡数较多,肺实质占比较多,幼龄时肺泡壁弹性纤维较少,成年后较多,血管弹性纤维含量较多的特点。结果表明,大通牦牛在不同发育阶段肺组织的结构特点是其适应高原低氧环境的组织学基础。本试验结果为高原牦牛低氧适应的研究提供了基础数据。

This study selected Datong yak and Zaobei yellow cattle at different developmental stages and utilized hematoxylin-eosin(H.E.)staining and Verhoeff's Van Gieson(EVG)staining to observe the microstructure of lung tissue.The results showed that with the increase of age,the alveolar septum(MAST)in Datong yak gradually thickened and was significantly different compared to that in Zaobei yellow cattle at 1-day old and adult(P<0.05).The mean alveolar number(MAN)in Datong yak growed first and then decreased,the alveolar walls elastic fiber proportion and blood vessels elastic fiber proportion reduced first,then increased and then decreased,and the proportion of vascular tunica media first increased and then decreased.Compared with Zaobei yellow cattle,Datong yak displayed the characteristics of thinner MAST at birth,thicker MAST at adult,more MAN,more lung parenchyma,less alveolar wall elastic fibers at young age,and more vascular elastic fibers in adult.Thus,the structural characteristics of lung tissue in different developmental stages of Datong yak form the histological basis for its adaptation to the high altitude hypoxia environment.This study provides preliminary data for further investigation of hypoxia adaptation in plateau yaks.