杜甫《壮游》的“逆向阅读”与其“前文本形态”蠡测——兼论解读文本的一种可能

A Probe into the“Reverse Reading”and“Pre-text Form”of Du Fu’s Zhuangyou(《壮游》)

《壮游》是杜甫晚年所作五言古诗,有六部分,一百一十二句。如果采用“逆向阅读”的方式,倒序阅读该诗,同时排除杜甫未加思考、一气呵成的可能,该诗在最终写成前,应该有一个诗人在构思阶段形成的“前文本形态”。目前所见《壮游》文本,未必完全出自杜甫晚年,有杜甫在晚年据早期旧作改写并最终定稿的可能。但这种修改或写定,并不影响杜甫对司马迁《史记》风格的学习,《壮游》叙事上的“节次波澜,离合断续”,风格上的“苍莽雄直”,正是源自司马迁《史记》的写法。它恰能体现杜甫在诗歌写作、修改过程中对诗歌写作技巧的使用与调整。

Zhuangyou is a five-character old style verse written by Du Fu in his later years.It has 112 lines and can be divided into six parts.If we adopt“reverse reading”method,read the poem in reverse order,and at the same time,rule out the possibility of Du Fu’s creation in one smooth motion,there should be a“pre-text form”formed by the poet in the conception stage before the poem is finally written.The text of Zhuangyou that we have seen so far may not be entirely written by Du Fu in his later years.It is possible that Du Fu rewrite and finalize it according to his earlier works.However,this revision or finalization does not affect Du Fu’s study of the style of Sima Qian’s Shiji(《史记》)in Zhuangyou.The“undulating,intermittent”in the narration and the“boundless and vigorous”in style,are precisely derived from the writing method of Sima Qian’s Shiji.It reflects Du Fu’s use and adjustment of writing skills in the process of poetry writing and revision.