《槐聚诗存》中“诗可以怨”的诗学考察

A Study of"Poetry Can Express Indignation"in Huai Ju Poetry Collection

学者钱钟书曾从文学意义上深刻重释“诗可以怨”,认为这个概念是“常谈”与“套板”,但牵涉非常重要的诗学问题。其旧体诗集《槐聚诗存》中就有大量的“怨诗”,这为“诗可以怨”的诗学考察提供了典型的考察对象。就文学来源而言,钱钟书深受古典文学及“诗可以怨”相关诗学命题濡染;从社会背景看,不幸的现实境遇是促成创作“愁诗”的重要原因;从心理基础看,除了情感需要发泄以及忧愁郁结难以排遣等表层心理原因外,“精神返祖”情结使得钱钟书在旧诗写作的潜意识里也倾向于“诗可以怨”。考察《槐聚诗存》诗集中“诗可以怨”的现象之因,不仅可以丰富当下对旧体诗的认知,而且有助于开掘现代旧体诗在当下文学生产中的意义。

The scholar Qian Zhongshu once deeply reinterpreted the concept"Poetry can express indignation"in literary sense,claiming that it,maybe set-plate-like and a platitude,was an important poetic issue.Lots of the poems from his Huai Ju Poetry Collection in the traditional Chinese style are resentment-centered around social problems,which makes a good research subject for studying the idea of"Poetry can express indignation".As for the literary source of the notion,Qian had been profoundly influenced by classical literature and Confucious thoughts on poetry.Regarding the social background,Qian’s unpleasant experiences constitute the reason behind his resentful poems.In terms of the psychological foundations,apart from the superficial psychological reasons,such as the need to vent emotion and the difficulty to release depression,Qian’s"retro spirit"complex makes him inclined to"Poetry can express indignation"subconsciously in his writing of traditional-styled poems.An investigation into the formation of the notion"Poetry can express indignation"can not only enrich the knowledge on the traditional-styled poems,but also be helpful for exploring their significance to the modern literature.