建设性视阈下灾难新闻摄影的符号分析——以29-31届中国新闻奖为例

Analysis of the Symbols in the Photographic Catastrophe News Report from the Constructive Perspective:Taking the 29-31 China News Award Winners as Examples

灾难新闻摄影报道中的新闻图片较文字更为真实、生动、形象、直观,能直接调动读者的情绪。同时由于灾难事件本身带有强大社会牵引力,新闻摄影报道通过以事实为基础进行积极意义构建,能达到负面因素正面呈现的效果,带来巨大的正向社会效应。本文借鉴建设性新闻的基本思想,以29-31届中国新闻奖中灾难新闻摄影报道获奖作品为研究对象,对其肖像性、指向性和象征性视觉符号以及具有锚固功能的语言符号、隐喻与转喻的符号修辞方式三个方面进行符号学分析,透视出中国新闻摄影作品评奖标准中所蕴含的建设性价值取向与灾难新闻摄影建设性符号构建路径,使这些获奖作品成为业界和学界分析、学习的成功案例。

The pictures in photographic catastrophe reports are more vivid and intuitive than the texts,which can directly arouse readers’emotions.Since disasters themselves have a strong social traction,their photographic reporting can achieve a positive presentation of negative factors and bring great positive social effects by constructing positive interpretation based on the facts.Therefore,this paper draws on the basic idea of the Constructive Journalism theory and takes the China News Award winners from the 29th session to the 31st that reported disasters photographically as the research subjects,and conducts an analysis on three aspects of them:iconographic symbols,directive symbols and symbolic visual symbols;anchoring language symbols;symbolic rhetorical ways of metaphor and metonymy.It reveals the constructive value orientation and constructive symbols forming paths of disaster news reports contained in the awarding criteria and evaluation of China News Award,which make these winning works successful cases for the industry and academic circle to study and learn from.