跨越中等收入陷阱与乡村振兴的互动关系

The Middle Income Trap and Its Interactive Impact on Rural Revitalization

中等收入陷阱本质是一国经济增长与人口增长几乎同步,即人均国民收入没有实质性增长。根据其成因,可将中等收入陷阱分为动力不足型、需求不足型、人口政策型和封闭型4种类型。跨越中等收入陷阱必须使收入增长速度快于人口增长速度,生产力发展经历着一个从量变到质变的过程。中等收入陷阱与乡村振兴存在互动影响的辩证关系:中等收入陷阱会引发农村劳动力大量转移、农村劳动力受教育动力不足、农村产业发展受阻、城乡收入差距缩小困难等一系列问题,阻碍乡村振兴战略实施;而乡村振兴中人才振兴、产业振兴、生活富裕等战略的实现将极大助力我国跨越中等收入陷阱,乡村振兴的过程也是我们不断迈向高收入国家的过程。因此,在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,应不断增强乡村吸引力,促进劳动力就近就业,激发农村劳动力教育投资动力,降低教育投资成本,缩小城乡收入差距,优化收入分配,从而跨越中等收入陷阱,最终实现乡村振兴的宏伟目标。

This paper analyzes the meaning and characteristics of the middle-income trap through the model, and finds out that the essence of the middle income trap is that the economic growth rate of a country keeps almost synchronous with the population growth rate, that is, the per capita output does not increase substantially.In turn, the paper further analyses the cause of the middle income trap and divides the middle income trap into four types, such as shortage of imputes, lack of demand, population policy and closure oriented.It clearly puts forward that overcoming the middle income trap requires making the income growth faster than the population growth rate.The development of productive forces needs a process from quantitative change to qualitative change.The paper analyzes the dialectical relationship between the middle income trap and rural revitalization.On the one hand, the middle income trap will lead to the transfer of rural labor force, the lack of educational motivation of rural labor force, the slow development of rural industries, and the difficulty in narrowing the urban-rural income gap, which will hinder the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.On the other hand, the implementation of strategies such as talent revitalization, industry revitalization and prosperity in rural revitalization will greatly help China to get out of the middle income trap, and the process of rural revitalization is also the process of China’s continuous progress towards a high income country.Finally, from the perspective of rural revitalization, the paper proposes to enhance the attractiveness of rural areas and promote the nearby employment of labor force;stimulate the rural labor force education investment motivation and reduce the education investment cost;narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas and optimize income distribution.