水平叶幕下套袋对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄果实香气及内在品质的影响

Effects of Bagging under Horizontal Curtain on Fruit Quality of'Moldova'Grapes During Ripening

为探讨水平叶幕下套袋对葡萄果实品质的影响,以‘摩尔多瓦’为试材,分析果实成熟期间套袋处理对果实成熟相关理化指标和香气的影响。结果表明,在转色期至成熟期阶段,与不套袋处理相比,套袋处理的粒质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及可溶性蛋白的变化趋势一致,在转色后6周时以上指标没有显著差异;套袋处理显著降低了6周时期葡萄果实的花色苷含量,总酚、类黄酮含量差异不显著。套袋处理香气物质总量除转色期外均低于对照,且香气物质种类在各个时期均显著低于对照,变化趋势基本一致。醛类和醇类是成熟期‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄最主要的香气物质,随着果实成熟度增加,套袋果实醛类物质的绝对含量和相对含量均有所增加,而醇类的相对含量在减少,但绝对含量呈先增长后缓慢下降的趋势;醛类、酮类和酯类化合物对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄的香气有贡献,而萜烯类、醇类和酸类等对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄的香气几乎无贡献,并且套袋处理中具有香气贡献的物质种类及香气值均低于对照。因此,非精品果生产中,为缓解葡萄栽培劳动成本的制约,‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄生产中水平叶幕葡萄进行不套袋处理也是一个不错的选择。

Using'Moldova'grapes fruits cultivated by pergola(horizontal canopy)as experimental materials,the effect of bagging on physicochemical indexes and aromatic components of the berries from different ripening periods after veraison were studied.Results showed that fruit weight,soluble solids,titratable acid and soluble protein contents of fruits treated with bagging and no bagging had consistent variation trends,there were no significant difference of them on 6 weeks after veraison(WAV).Total phenolic content and total anthocyanin contents were significant lower by bagging,but the flavonoids content had no differences.During the fruit maturation process,the aromatic components had basically same variation trends with bagging and no bagging,while the total contents and quantities were lower than no bagging.Aldehydes and alcohols were the main aromas in'Moldova'grape,the relative contents and the absolute contents of aldehydes were increased with fruit ripening by bagging,the relative contents of alcohols were decreased and the absolute contents of alcohols were increased after veraison,reaching the highest level at 4 WAV,and then decreased slowly.Aldehydes,ketones and esters were the main odor-active components that contributes to the odours as the basic aromas of'Moldova'grape,terpenes,alcohols and acids had no contributes.In addition,no bagging had the higher total odor activity values and the quantity of odor-active components.Therefore,under the premise of ensuring the control of plant diseases,insect pests and ensuring food safety,it is a good choice to carry out the non-bagging treatment for'Moldov'grapes fruits cultivated by pergola(horizontal canopy),in order to ease the restriction of labor cost in viticulture.It is worthy of further study in different varieties and regions.