不同坡向微气候对‘霞多丽’葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of Microclimates of Different Slope Aspects on Growth and Development and Wine Grape Quality

为明确不同坡向微气候对葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响,以酿酒葡萄‘霞多丽’为材料,对种植地南坡、东坡和北坡的微气候因子进行监测,并测定植株新梢长度和粗度,以及果实大小和糖酸等指标。结果表明,晴天、阴天及生长季(5月1日—9月10日)总太阳辐射南坡大于北坡,蒸发蒸腾量受环境因素的影响较大,变化规律不显著。在新梢摘心前,茎生长量变化趋势为南坡>东坡>北坡;枝条木质化时期南坡的茎粗最大,北坡次之,东坡最细。在果实生长初始果粒纵横径表现为南坡>东坡>北坡,采收期为东坡>南坡>北坡。采收期果实品质表现为南坡的可溶性固形物、还原糖含量最高,固酸比、糖酸比最大,东坡粒质量最大,北坡可滴定酸含量最高。因此,不同坡向对果实品质有不同的影响,实际生产中可根据酿酒需求调整不同坡向的采收时间。

In order to clarify the effects of different slope microclimate on grape growth and fruit quality,'Chardonnay'grape was used as test material,the microclimate factors of southern,eastern and northern slopes of grape planting areas were monitored,and growth and development of grape plants and fruit quality indicators were measured.The results showed that total solar radiation in sunny days,cloudy days and growing season(from May 1st to September 10th)was greater on south slope than on north slope.The evapotranspiration was affected by many environmental factors,and the change rule was not significant.Before cutting the topping of grape shoots,the change trend of stem length and growth amount was south slope>east slope>north slope.When stem thickness started lignification,south slope was the thickest,followed by north slope,and east slope was the thinnest.The vertical and horizontal diameter of fruits in initial growth stage after fruit setting was south slope>east slope>north slope,while harvest period was east slope>south slope>north slope.In final harvest period,fruit quality of southern slope showed the highest content of soluble solids and reducing sugar,and the highest ratio of solid acid and sugar to acid;eastern slope had the highest berry weight;northern slope had the highest titratable acid content.Different slope aspects have different effects on fruit quality,harvesting time of different slope aspects could be adjusted according to the needs of winemaking in actual production.