葡萄轻简化栽培管理技术

Grapevine Light and Simplified Cultivation Management Techniques

为提高葡萄生产效益,促进产业高质量发展,作者凝练总结了葡萄轻简化栽培管理技术。全年管理抓住5个关键时期:萌芽前后、开花前后、套袋前后、采收前后、越冬期。周年主要农事活动为4次修剪、4次肥、5次水、7~13次用药等技术措施。不同阶段管理焦点不同,春季围绕促长、防灾减灾两个焦点,夏季围绕保花、膨果、增糖、花芽分化与发育4个焦点,秋季围绕促进枝条成熟、冬季围绕防枝蔓冻害与抽干进行管理。与传统技术相比较,本技术密切结合葡萄栽培关键时期,对修剪次数、肥水用量、病虫害防治采取三道防线体系,具有用药量少、用工少等优点,是适宜于当代葡萄种植的轻简化技术体系。

Based on current grape production,grapevine light and simplified cultivation and management technology system was established to ensure the high quality development of grape industry.There were five key periods in grapevine management throughout the year,i.e.before and after bud germination,before and after flowering,before and after bagging,before and after harvesting,and during overwinter.The main agricultural activities including four times pruning,four times fertilizaion,five times irragation,seven to thirteen times farm chemical application.Management practice was different in each stages,focused on growth promotion and disaster prevention and reduction in spring;focused on flower preserving,grape enlargement,sugar increasing and flower bud differentiation and development in summer;focused on promoting shoot maturation in autumn;and focused on preventing freeze damage and drying of branches and tendrils in winter.Compared with the traditional technology,this system has the advantages of closely combining key period of viticulture management,less times of vine pruning,less amount of fertilizer and water application,superior fertilizing method,less agricultural chemical dosage and amount employ,which is a light and simplified technical system suitable for modern grape cultivation.