基于适配体传感器方法检测肿瘤外泌体相关蛋白的研究进展

Recent progress of aptasensors for tumor exosome-associated protein detection

外泌体是一种机体内大多数细胞分泌的直径为30~150 nm,具有脂质双层膜的微小囊泡,可以直接反映分泌细胞的生理和功能状态,参与细胞间的物质运输和信息通讯,其作为肿瘤早期诊断和治疗评估的生物标志物具有重要意义。外泌体的检测方法有很多,在这些检测方法中,适配体传感器技术以其价廉易用、响应快、灵敏度高、特异性强等特点,帮助肿瘤患者早期发现,早期获得诊断,早期治疗,提高生存率,并为愈后效果的评价提供了重要依据。常见的适配体传感器有荧光、电化学、比色法、光致发光、横向流动带、表面增强拉曼散射和表面等离子体共振适配体传感器,不同的适配体传感器具有不同的特征,文章对几种常见适配体传感器检测肿瘤外泌体的研究进展进行阐述。

Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles released from cells with diameters of 30-150 nm,exosomes can directly reflect the physiological and functional state of secretory cells,participate in material transport and information communication between cells,which are of great significance as biomarkers for early tumor diagnosis and treatment evaluation.There are many detection methods for exosomes,among which aptasensor technology with the properties of low price and easy operation,fast response,high sensitivity,remarkable specificity helps tumor patients to find,diagnose and treat early,improve the survival rate,and provide important basis for the evaluation of the prognosis.There are seven types of common aptasensors:fluorescent,electrochemical,colorimetric,luminescence,lateral flow strips,surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface plasmon resonance sensors.Different aptasensors have different characteristics,this article focuses on the research progress of several common aptasensor for tumor exosomes detection.