救援车载钻机同步自平衡式给进系统设计与应用

Research and application of synchronous self-balancing feed system for rescue truck-mounted drilling rig

车载钻机是矿山事故地面钻孔救援的核心装备,在国内外历次成功救援中发挥了重要作用,给进系统是车载钻机的主要执行机构,使用过程中暴露出长工作行程制约整机通过性、定位轮系维护困难、双油缸运动同步性不强、动力头偏载引起导轨磨损、液压表显示起拔力延时等问题。研制的ZMK5550TZJF50/120型救援车载钻机采用基于油缸—钢丝绳倍速传动机构的伸缩桅杆式结构,实现了长工作行程和短运输尺寸;设计快换式轮系、钢丝绳防扭转张紧系统,解决一二级给进机身的辅助定位系统安全保护和维护困难的难题;采用给进系统油路同步补偿和先导控制技术,解决给进装置双油缸同步的难题;研发抽屉式调平体和测力销轴结构,实现动力头钻进过程中自平衡式调节及起拔力监测。经过静态、模态分析、应变测试和现场工业性应用,给进系统最大起拔力达1205 kN,能够有效处理大直径救援井施工过程中卡钻、埋钻等孔内事故,配合动力头、钻杆加卸系统,具有快速起下钻具功能,可大幅度提高倒杆效率,单根起下钻效率小于3 min/根。研究结果表明:救援车载钻机伸缩桅杆式给进装置运输尺寸短,钻机机动性强,道路通过性好;现场试验中处理了多次孔内卡钻、埋钻事故隐患,稳定和可靠性较高、可维护性好、起拔力监测准确、倒杆效率高,可以满足600 m深度救援井施工需求。给进装置轻量化,以及执行系统、传动系统、动力系统之间的响应匹配优化研究是今后的重点方向。

Truck-mounted drilling rig is the core equipment of ground drilling rescue in mine accidents,and it has played an important role in all the successful rescues at home and abroad.However,the feed system,as the main actuator of the truck-mounted drilling rig,exposes the problems of restricted passability of the whole machine due to the long working stroke,difficult maintenance of the positioning wheel train,poor movement synchronization of the double cylinder,guide rail wearing caused by the partial load of power head,and the delay of pulling force displayed by the hydraulic gauge during its service.ZMK5550TZJF50/120 rescue truck-mounted drilling rig was developed with a telescopic mast type structure based on cylinder-wire rope double speed transmission mechanism,realizing the long working stroke and short transport size.The quick-change wheel system and anti-torsion tension system of wire rope were designed,to solve the problem of safety protection and hard maintenance of the auxiliary positioning system of the first and second feeding bodies.The synchronous compensation and pilot control technology of oil circuit in feed system was used to solve the synchronization problem of double oil cylinders in feed device.Besides,the drawer type leveling body and force measuring pin shaft structure were developed to realize self-balancing adjustment and pull force monitoring during the drilling of power head.According to the static,modal analysis,strain test and field industrial applications,the feed system has the maximum pulling force up to 1205 kN,and thus it can effectively deal with hole accidents,such as sticking and burial of drilling tools in the construction process of large-diameter relief wells,as well as function for rapid tripping by cooperating with the power head and the loading/unloading system of drill pipe,thus greatly improving the efficiency of drill pipe alternating,with the tripping efficiency less than 3 min/rig.The research results show that the telescopic mast feed device of rescue truck-mounted drilling rig has the characteristics of short transport size,strong maneuverability of the drilling rig,and good road passability.In the field test,multiple hidden risks of sticking and burial accidents of drilling tools were solved,which shows the high stability and reliability,good maintainability,accurate pulling force monitoring,and high efficiency of drill pipe alternating,capable of satisfying the construction needs of 600 m deep relief wells.Generally,the light weighting of feed device and the optimization of response matching among the execution system,transmission system and power system are the key directions in the future.