宗教批判:从天国走向尘世——《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中的宗教批判思想

From heaven to earth:an analysis of religious criticism in Introduction to a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

青年马克思《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》一文之前提性的宗教批判,言简意赅地展示了一个包括本质论、功能论、根源论、方法论等丰富思想的理论体系雏形。借由对宗教本质、功能、现实根源的人本学唯物主义阐发,马克思把宗教异化的根源归结于它的世俗基础,并从宗教批判走向现实批判,即“用排除矛盾的方法在实践中使之革命化”。由此在继承的基础上,马克思超越了费尔巴哈的抽象人本主义宗教观,开辟了解决宗教问题的现实道路。

The arguments about religious criticism in Marx’s Introduction to a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right were the prototype of a theoretical system that includes essence,function,root,and methodology.Through his humanistic materialism-based exposition of the nature,function,and realistic roots of religion,Marx attributed the religious alienation to its secular basis.From there,he moved from the critique of religion to the critique of reality,i.e.,"to revolutionize it in practice by eliminating contradictions".In this way,he carried forward Feuerbach’s abstract humanist view of religion and opened up a realistic way of solving the religious problems.