“述孔子”与“拟孔子”:论孔子于先秦之“诠释”——从“鲁哀公问孔子”故事谈起

Quoting Confucius and mimicking Confucius:the written passages on Confucius in the pre-Qin dynasties

“鲁哀公问孔子”故事,不独先秦传世著作有所记载,上博简《鲁邦大旱》《相邦之道》及清华简《邦家之政》等简帛古书亦有相关载录。这些作品中不仅多见转述、复述孔子传闻的“述孔子”之文,更多有虚构、拟创其内容的“拟孔子”之作。先秦散文中这些自成规模的“述孔子言”与“拟孔子言”作品,彰显出了士人在诠释、传播学说之时大胆进行的虚构创作尝试,可谓是为战国文学的演变楔入了浓墨重彩的一笔,有着可贵的开拓性意义。

The written passages on Confucius such as“King of Lu asked Confucius for advice”was recorded not only in the classics written in the pre-Qin dynasties but also in the ancient texts of bamboo slips such as The Great Drought of Lu Bang,The Way of State,and The Governance of State Families.The passages on these bamboo slips were actually written under the name of Confucius.Though these fictions spread Confucianism,they were undoubtedly the forerunners of literature in the period of the Warring States.