明代书画仿古模式

Calligraphies and Paintings of Pseudo-classic Style in Ming Dynasty

明代书画仿古模式作为一种依据历代书画经典创造新经典的创新手法,以确立文人书画历代已有经典为基础,通过集成、补充、修正文人书画经典中的笔墨语言、语法,发古人已发之言(创新性模拟)、发古人未发之言(模拟性创新),以此创造新经典。这种特殊的创作方式使这类书画作品呈现程式化、继承性等特征。熟悉书画史的欣赏者依据作品的笔墨、意象或境界特征,一眼就能识别出其中对历代已有经典的借鉴之处和自身的创新之处。它也使欣赏者与传承有序的历代经典、新经典的创作者之间的深入交流成为可能。正是这种深入交流,传统书画经典得以将中国文化精神通过书画的图文符号、经史子集的思想内容、典雅清正的书画技法形式传承下来,从而影响欣赏者的艺术文化精神气质和身份编码。与清代书画仿古模式相比,明代书画仿古模式推崇书画经典中蕴含的法则,追求呈现文人书画经典的艺术生命精神,创造性地继承和发展了中国文人书画传统。

As an innovative method of creating new classics, the calligraphies and paintings of pseudo-classical style in Ming Dynasty are based on the identification of the existing classics of literati calligraphy and painting in the past dynasties. By integrating, supplementing and revising the ink usages and principles in the classics of literati calligraphy and painting, they create new classics by imitating and innovating the ancient classics. This special way of creation makes this kind of calligraphy and painting works display the characteristics like stylization and succession. Those who are familiar with Chinese history of calligraphy and painting can recognize the imitation and innovation of the existing classics of the past dynasties with a glance at those works in terms of the characteristics, like the brushstroke, image and realm, which also makes it possible for the audience to have an in-depth communication with the ancient creators of the classics and their successive inheritors in an orderly manner. It is this kind of in-depth communication that enables the traditional painting and calligraphy classics to convey Chinese cultural spirit with the graphic symbols of painting and calligraphy, the ideological contents of the Confucian classics, history, philosophy and literature and the elegant and unsophisticated techniques of painting and calligraphy, thus affecting the artistic and cultural spirits and identities of the audience. Compared with that in Qing Dynasty, the calligraphy and painting of pseudo-classical style in the Ming Dynasty respected the principles inherent in the classics of calligraphy and painting, pursued the artistic spirits represented by the classics of literati calligraphy and painting, and creatively inherited and developed the tradition of Chinese literati calligraphy and painting.