法定数字货币应用与跨境支付改善——基于博弈视角的分析

Legal Digital Currency Application and Cross-border Payment Improvement:An Analysis Based on Game Perspective

俄乌冲突下美国限制俄罗斯使用SWIFT系统,给中国敲响了警钟,再次提醒各国支付体系自主建设和安全的重要性。数字人民币的诞生及推广为打破SWIFT体系束缚、重塑人民币跨境支付清算体系提供了契机。在此背景下,通过研究跨境贸易分析了法定数字货币对跨境支付体系的影响,分别构建传统支付手段下与法定数字货币应用下的跨境贸易博弈模型,探究各参与主体的均衡选择,并利用Matlab进行数值仿真模拟。研究结果发现:传统支付手段下跨境贸易博弈系统收敛到(不付款,高价,不发货)最劣稳定状态;法定数字货币应用下,跨境贸易绕开第三方中介机构,跨境贸易博弈系统收敛到(付款,发货)最优稳定状态,法定数字货币的应用使得跨境贸易博弈得到了帕累托优化。因此,推行以法定数字货币为支付手段可以增加国际正常贸易之间的安全性和可靠性,也有助于打破西方金融霸权,保障中国的合法权益。

The U.S.restriction on Russia's use of the SWIFT system under the Russia-Ukraine conflict is a wake-up call to China,once again reminding countries of the importance of autonomous construction and security of their payment systems.The birth and promotion of digital RMB provides an opportunity to break the shackles of SWIFT system and reshape the RMB cross-border payment and settlement system.In this context,the impact of legal digital currency on cross-border payment system is analyzed by studying cross-border trade,and the game models of cross-border trade under traditional payment means and under the application of legal digital currency are constructed respectively to explore the equilibrium choices of each participant,and numerical simulation is conducted using Matlab.The results show that the cross-border trade game system under the traditional payment means converges to the worst stable state(no payment,high price,no delivery);under the application of legal digital currency,the cross-border trade bypasses the third-party intermediaries and the cross-border trade game system converges to the optimal stable state(payment,delivery),and the application of legal digital currency makes the cross-border trade game Pareto optimized.Therefore,the implementation of legal digital currency as a means of payment can increase the security and reliability of international normal trade,and also help to break the western financial hegemony and protect the legitimate rights and interests of China.