担保物权实现程序的性质重识与规则补全——基于略式程序法理的分析

Re-understand the Nature and Complete the Rules of the Guaranty Real Right Realisation Procedure:An Analysis Based on the Summary Procedural Theory

主流观点认为担保物权实现程序是非讼程序。为避免制度因被申请人滥用异议权而架空,最高人民法院司法解释要求法院对担保物权成立与范围等实体问题进行审理判断,且可以适用财产保全制度。这与非讼程序低水平的程序保障并不适配,担保物权实现程序的正当性因此遭受质疑。该程序在诉讼与非讼两域“漂移”的运作状态,暴露出非讼程序法理解释力的贫乏。略式程序是省略了实质审理,法院主要审查申请材料即直接作出裁判的一种诉讼程序。该种程序的制度目标、程序结构和运行逻辑与担保物权实现程序更为匹配。应当按照略式程序法理重新认识担保物权实现程序性质,补全相关程序规则。

The mainstream view is that the guaranty real right realisation procedure is non-litigation procedure.To avoid the system being overridden by the defendant's abuse of dissent,the court must judge the substantive issues such as the establishment and scope of the security interest.This is incompatible with the low level of procedural safeguards in non-litigation proceedings.The legitimacy of the guaranty real right realisation procedure is therefore questioned.The“drift”of the operating state of the procedure between the litigation and non-litigation reveals the poor interpretation of non-litigation procedural theory.The summary procedure is a kind of procedure that omit the substantive trial,and the court mainly reviews the application materials then makes the judgment directly.System objectives,program structure,and operation logic of the summary procedure are more matched with guaranty real right realisation procedure.The nature of the guaranty real right realisation procedure should be rerecognised and the relevant procedures should be supplemented in accordance with the summary procedure theory.