意大利法律方法论——19世纪以来意大利民法学简史

Legal Methodology in Italy:A Brief History of Italian Private Law Scholarship since the 19th Century

恰如其他大陆法系国家一样,意大利在法律学术领域通常会提到“法律科学”。法律科学的主要目的是解决实际案例或法律问题,因此它需要一种方法,换言之,需要得出解决方案的具体实施步骤。本文的目的在于探寻意大利是否有此种法律方法论的讨论,法律方法论在法律教学中发挥了什么作用,以及自19世纪以来法律方法论是如何发展的。如果人们同意所有的法律方法论都归结为对法律的解释方法,那么方法论的历史就是一部解释的历史。鉴于此,本文论述了意大利私法解释史的主要发展,并对近50年“意大利法律风格”的最新发展作出批判性分析。

In Italy,as in other continental legal systems,it is common to refer to“legal science”(scienze giuridiche)with regard to legal scholarship.Since the main purpose of legal science is the solution of practical cases or legal problems,it requires a method,or in other words,a prescribed process of single steps that lead to a solution.It is the purpose of this article to find out whether there is any discussion of such legal methodology in Italy,what kind of role it has played in academic legal education and how it has developed since the 19th century.If one agrees that all legal methodology comes down to methods of interpretation of the law,the history of methodology is a history of interpretation.This article therefore also recounts the major developments in the history of interpretation of Italian private law and critically assesses the latest stage of“Italian legal style”in the last fifty years.