用于关节软骨缺损修复的壳聚糖复合支架的研究进展

Research progress of chitosan composite scaffolds for repair of articular cartilage defect

关节软骨缺损是一种常见的临床疾病,严重情况下可致骨关节炎发生,给患者带来巨大痛苦。目前常见的临床治疗方法均无法形成耐磨损、能抗压的关节软骨,且无法长期维持新生软骨的正常功能。因此,迫切需要寻找一种新型的关节软骨缺损修复的方法。近年来,组织工程技术在关节软骨缺损修复问题上提供了一种新的、有潜力的思路与手段。其中,用于关节软骨缺损修复的新型生物支架材料的设计与开发成为关键。在众多天然材料中,壳聚糖不仅具有良好的生物相容性、生物活性、可降解性,且来源广泛,价格低廉;更重要的是其结构与关节软骨细胞外基质糖胺聚糖相似,因此成为一种有前景的用于关节软骨缺损修复的组织工程支架材料。此外,壳聚糖还可以和其他生物材料进行复合,因此用于关节软骨缺损修复的壳聚糖复合支架的制备倍受研究的关注。本篇综述对用于关节软骨缺损修复的壳聚糖材料的特性以及壳聚糖复合支架材料在关节软骨缺损修复中的应用进行了总结,并对壳聚糖复合支架未来用于关节软骨组织工程的前景进行了展望。

Articular cartilage defects is a common clinical disease,which can cause osteoarthritis in severe cases and bring great pain to patients.At present,the common clinical treatment methods can not form wear resistant,pressure resistant articular cartilage,and can not maintain the normal function of new cartilage for a long time.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find a novel method for the repair of articular cartilage defects.In recent years,tissue engineering technology provides a new and potential idea and means in the repair of articular cartilage defects.Among them,the design and development of new biological scaffold materials for articular cartilage defect repair has become a key.Among many natural materials,chitosan not only has good biocompatibility,biological activity,degradability,but also has a wide range of sources and low price.More importantly,its structure is similar to that of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan of articular cartilage,so it has become a promising tissue engineering scaffold material for the repair of articular cartilage defects.In addition,chitosan can be combined with other biomaterials,so the preparation of chitosan composite scaffolds for articular cartilage defect repair has received much attention.In this review,the properties of chitosan materials used in the repair of articular cartilage defects and the application of chitosan composite scaffold materials in the repair of articular cartilage defects are summarized,and the prospects of chitosan composite scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering in the future are prospected.