曹植后期文学创作中的生命观研究

A Study of Cao Zhi's Outlook of Life in his Later Literary Creation

曹植的文学创作可以分为前后两期。曹操去世后,曹丕篡汉称帝,曹植到封地就国,进入了文学创作的后期阶段。他的处境在这时发生了巨大变化,从备受宠爱和瞩目的贵公子变成了被排挤和猜疑的落魄王侯,长期处于困厄之中。这种人生经历使曹植的生命观发生了变化,表现在文学创作上,“忧生之嗟”成为其重要的创作主题。但是,曹植并未就此消沉,他一方面借助游仙诗排解愤懑、寻求慰藉,并展开想象、追求超越;另一方面,他仍然没有放弃儒家的理想,渴求建功立业,借助功名实现生命的不朽。这既矛盾又互补的两个方面共同组成了曹植人生后期文学创作的生命观,深刻影响了后来的文人。

Cao Zhi's literary creation can be divided into two periods.After Cao Cao's death,Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty as the emperor,and Cao Zhi was driven off to his state,which marks that he entered the later stage of literary creation.His situation changed dramatically at this time from a favored and high-profile noble prince to an excluded and suspected for a long time.This life experience has changed Cao Zhi's outlook on life,which is manifested by the important theme of“the cry of worry about life”in his works.However,Cao Zhi did not become depressed.On the one hand,he used poetry about immortals to relieve resentment,seek solace,and expand imagination and pursue transcendence;On the other hand,he still did not give up his Confucian ideals,and he aspired to make meritorious deeds and achieve immortality in life with the help of meritorious fame.These two aspects,both contradictory and complementary,together formed Cao Zhi's outlook on life in literal works later in his life,and profoundly influenced later literati.