体育乐趣对儿童青少年身体活动与体质健康影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Physical Education Enjoyment on Physical Activity and Health-Fitness of Children and Adolescents

为丰富我国儿童青少年健康促进研究视角,系统综述了发表于2000—2021年的有关体育乐趣对儿童青少年身体活动与体质健康影响的研究文献,并对其作用机制进行分析。结果表明:体育乐趣既可以直接促进儿童青少年的身体活动,也可以通过自我效能等认知因素间接促进身体活动;在位移技能水平、任务目标取向、父母与同伴支持等变量与身体活动的关系中,体育乐趣起到中介作用;体育乐趣不仅可以通过身体活动间接影响体质健康,还可能具有直接促进体质健康的效用。结论:体育乐趣能有效提高儿童青少年的身体活动与体质健康水平,但体育乐趣的健康价值,及其对健康促进的路径机制仍有待进一步研究。建议我国未来相关研究应全面探究体育乐趣对儿童青少年身体活动、身体与心理发展的影响;加快研制本土化体育乐趣测量工具,增加纵向研究、定性研究比例,识别不同学生群体的体育乐趣影响因素;融合借鉴国际有益经验与理论,研制寓教于乐型体育教学模式。

In order to enrich the perspective of health promotion of children and adolescents,this paper systematically reviewed the domestic and foreign research literature on the impact of PE enjoyment on physical activity(PA)and health-fitness of children and adolescents from 2000 to 2021,and analyzed its mechanism.The results show that:PE enjoyment can not only directly promote PA of children and adolescents,but also indirectly promote PA through cognitive factors such as self-efficacy.PE enjoyment also plays a mediator in the relationship between locomotor skills level,task goal orientation,parental and peer support and PA;PE enjoyment can not only indirectly affect health-fitness through PA,but may also have the direct effect on health-fitness.Conclusion:PE enjoyment can effectively improve the level of physical activity and health-fitness of children and adolescents,but the health value of PE enjoyment and its path mechanism still need to be further studied.It is suggested that the future related research in China should comprehensively explore the impact of PE enjoyment on PA,physical and psychological development of children and adolescents;speed up the development of localized PE enjoyment measurement tools,increase the proportion of longitudinal research and qualitative research,identify the influencing factors of PE enjoyment of different groups of students;integrate and learn from international experience and theories,and develop edutainment PE teaching mode.