社会信用信息的规范定义及其标准阐释

The Normative Definition of Social Credit Information and Its Standard Interpretation

社会信用信息属于规范性概念,应明确其规范定义,发挥其应有的功能。我国现行的地方社会信用条例对社会信用信息的定义存在过于抽象的问题。社会信用信息概念明确的关键是对“信用”的定义,目前的社会评价说、意愿与能力说、三维构成说存在法律与道德混淆问题,应坚持履行义务状态说并结合义务标准对社会信用信息进行阐释。基于社会契约理论和阶级理论,义务与社会信用之间存在密切关系。作为社会信用信息定义的“义务”,应坚持效力性、行为的可评价与明确性、责任的关联与强制性三项判断标准。效力性标准限定了法定义务与约定义务中“法”与“约”;行为的可评价与明确性标准使得信息的认定与分类成为可能;责任的关联与强制性标准则确保了社会信用信息认定与处理始终处于法秩序的范围内。

“Social credit information”is a normative concept, and its normative definition should be clearly defined to play its due function. The social credit information stipulated in the current local social credit regulations in China is too abstract. The key to the clear concept of social credit information is the definition of "credit". The current social evaluation theory, the theory of willingness and ability, and the theory of three-dimensional composition have the problem of confusion between law and morality. Therefore, the social credit information should be interpreted by applying the theory of obligation performance status and the standard of obligation. Based on social contract theory and class theory, obligation and social credit are closely related. As the definition of social credit information, obligation should abide by three criteria, namely binding effect, evaluability and clarity of behavior, connection of responsibility and coercion. The binding effect standard defines“law”and“contract”in legal obligations and contractual obligations. The standard of evaluability and clarity of behavior make it possible to identify and classify information. The connection of responsibility and coercion standard ensures the identification and processing of social credit information stay within the legal order.