竞赛情境下高水平定向越野运动员心理应激反应的形成与转化

Formation and Transformation of Psychological Stress Reaction of High-level Orienteering Cross-country Athletes under Competition Situation

为了探讨高水平定向越野运动员竞赛心理应激反应的要素与结果,对其形成与转化过程进行探析,运用程序扎根理论对30位高水平定向越野运动员的访谈资料进行三级编码分析,得出以下研究结果:(1)心态、技术和意外应激源是高水平定向越野运动员在竞赛情境中面临的主要应激源;(2)威胁和挑战是高水平定向越野运动员对竞赛应激源认知评价的结果;(3)聚焦型和逃避型策略是高水平定向越野运动员在竞赛应激源影响下的应对策略;(4)高水平定向越野运动员竞赛心理应激反应可分为消极与积极两类。研究表明:高水平定向越野运动员的认知评价是其竞赛心理应激反应过程中的中介变量,发挥着重要的“枢纽”作用;高水平定向越野运动员的人格特质与社会支持是其认知评价的调节变量,影响其认知评价结果的形成;应对策略作为另一项调节变量,对高水平定向越野运动员竞赛心理应激反应的形成与转化具有重要的调节作用。

In order to explore the elements and results of the psychological stress response of highlevel orienteering cross-country athletes, its formation and transformation process were analyzed.Grounded procedure theory was applied to conduct three-level coding analysis on the interview data of 30 high-level orienteering cross-country athletes, and the following results turned out:(1) Mentality,technique and unexpected stressors are the main stressors that the high-level orienteering cross-country athletes have to face under the competition situation;(2) Threats and challenges are the cognitive evaluation of competition stressors of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes;(3) Focusing and avoiding are the coping strategies of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes under the influence of competition stressors;(4) The psychological stress response of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes can be divided into two categories: negative and positive. Studies suggest that the cognitive evaluation of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes is a mediating variable in the process of stress response of their competitive psychological, and plays an important "hub" role;the personality traits and social support of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes are regulatory variables of their cognitive evaluations affecting the formation of cognitive evaluations. As another regulatory variable, coping strategy plays an important role in regulating the formation and transformation of the psychological stress response of high-level orienteering cross-country athletes.