溯源、解析与文化表征:土家族“铜铃舞”的体育人类学考释

Traceability, Deconstruction and Cultural Representation: An Anthropological Interpretation of the “Tongling Dance” of Tujia Ethnic Group

从体育人类学研究视角,运用田野调查、文献资料、动作分析等研究方法及符号学理论,追溯土家族原生态仪式“铜铃舞”的历史源流,解析其仪式程序及动作结构,并对“铜铃舞”文化符号的表征功能和意义进行阐释。研究认为:土家族铜铃舞在过去被形化为人神沟通交流的酬神仪式,是满足人类精神信仰与美好心愿的寄托,但从身体的表现形式分析,这种身体的实践过程实质为一个完整的民俗体育活动,其展现具有娱乐、表演、健身、健心和特殊性的民族文化形态,是凝聚族群文化记忆的一种身体活动,它维系着社会、群体与个人的身份认同。该研究对土家族民族体育文化研究的深化和拓展有着重要意义,旨为土家族身体活动研究提供一定的借鉴与启迪。

From the perspective of sports anthropology, using the methods of field investigation,literature, Movement Analysis and semiotic theory, this paper traces back the historical origin and development of the original ecological ritual “Tongling Dance” in Tujia people, this paper analyzes the ritual procedure and the movement structure, and probes into the token function and significance of the cultural symbol of “Tongling Dance”. According to the research, the Tujia People Bronze Bell Dance in the past has been transformed into a ritual of paying the gods to communicate with them,which is the reposing of satisfying the spiritual beliefs and good wishes of human beings, in fact,the dancing process of this kind of body shows a complete folk sports activity, which has the forms of entertainment, performance, body-building, mind-building and maintaining ethnic feelings, and has the particularity of certain ethnic culture, it is a physical activity that condenses the cultural memory of ethnic groups and sustains the identity of society, groups and individuals. This study is of great significance to the deepening and expansion of the study of ethnic sports culture in Tujia people, and is intended to provide some reference and enlightenment for the study of physical activities in Tujia people.