行政处罚权下放:从“悬浮式治理”到“嵌入式治理”的逻辑理路

Decentralization of Administrative Punishment Power:the Logical Path from“Suspended Governance”to“Embedded Governance”

长期以来,我国的基层治理往往处于“权责不对等”的悬浮状态。2021年修订的《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》关于行政处罚权下放的内容为乡镇政府、街道办执法的合法性提供了法律保障,有利于通过赋权下沉推动基层治理现代化。行政处罚权下放所倡导的“嵌入式治理”既是国家推动基层治理改革的要求,也回应了基层政府的迫切需要。本文从理论逻辑、历史逻辑、内在逻辑和制度逻辑四重维度对行政处罚权下放进行分析,以期阐释通过行政处罚权下放解决“悬浮式治理”困境的逻辑基础和历史必然,并找出从“悬浮式治理”向“嵌入式治理”转变的可行之路。

For a long time,China's grass-roots governance has often been in a state of suspension of“unequal rights and responsibilities”.The content of the Administrative Punishment Law of the People's Republic of China revised in 2021 on the decentralization of administrative punishment power provides a legal guarantee for the legality of law enforcement by township governments and street offices,and it's conducive to promoting the modernization of grass-roots governance through the sinking of empowerment.The“embedded governance”advocated by the decentralization of administrative punishment power is not only a requirement for the state to promote grass-roots governance reform,but also responds to the urgent needs of grass-roots governments.This paper analyzes the decentralization of administrative punishment power from the four dimensions of theoretical logic,historical logic,internal logic and institutional logic,in order to explain the logical basis and historical inevitability of solving the dilemma of“suspended governance”through the decentralization of administrative punishment power,and to find a feasible way to transform from“suspended governance”to“embedded governance”.