野茉莉属植物资源研究进展

Advances in the studies and applications of Styrax species

野茉莉属植物种类众多、分布广泛,了解该属植物花、果、叶、树脂等的应用潜力可以为提高其观赏、食用、药用、油用、材用和生态等价值提供理论参考。笔者基于地理分布与种质资源遗传多样性、植株生物学与生态特性、植物化学研究以及资源利用与扩繁等方面对野茉莉属植物的国内外研究进展进行了综述。我国华南地区和巴西塞拉多地区是野茉莉属植物集中分布的区域。野茉莉属植物以白花为主,花香淡雅,是优良园林应用树种;种子油脂含量高达54%,脂肪酸组分合理、油酸和亚油酸占比达85%,可以用于生物柴油制备,相关开发研究有利于丰富我国木本油料产业资源,优化其种植结构。野茉莉属植物环境适应性强,可作为重金属污染修复树种以应对不同环境因子胁迫。该属植物树脂成分安息香是具有抗癌、提神等功效的中药物质;植株不同部位化学成分复杂多样,具有重要的药效机理研究意义。作为木材应用树种,野茉莉属植物在制浆造纸、工艺雕刻等方面应用潜力大。综上,野茉莉属植物具有很好的研究价值与产业发展前景。

Styrax species,with many species and wide distribution,have high ornamental,edible,medicinal,oil,timber and ecological value,understanding their utilization potentiality of flower,fruit,leaf and resin can provide theoretical basis for improving above values.In this paper,study advance of Styrax species is reviewed from biogeography and genetic biodiversity,biological and ecological characteristics,phytochemistry,resource utilization and propagation.South China and Cerrado of Brazil are the areas where Styrax plants are concentrated.Styrax species are white-flowered and light-fragrance trees with high landscaping value.Styrax species have great potential as woody biodiesel species having seed kernels with high oil content(54%),excellent fatty acid composition with oleic acid and linoleic acid accounted for 85%.Relevant researches are beneficial to enrich the resources of China’s woody oil industry and optimize its planting structure.Studies on germplasm breeding and stress response showed that Styrax has good environmental adaptability and heavy metal tolerance.Benzoin,with complex chemical composition,is a traditional Chinese medicine substance with anti-cancer,refreshing effects and other benefits.The chemical component of different organs in Styrax plant are complex,which is important to study the metabolic mechanism.Used as a timber tree,Styrax trees have great potential in pulping,papermaking,carving and other fields.Styrax species have high value in the research direction and application fields.