大熊猫国家公园荥经片区两栖爬行动物多样性及海拔分布格局

Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Amphibians and Reptiles in Yingjing Area of the Giant Panda National Park

大熊猫国家公园荥经片区(102°19′~102°55′E,29°28′~29°56′N)位于四川省雅安市荥经县境内,该区域属亚热带季风气候,动植物资源丰富。为进一步了解该区域两栖爬行动物资源情况,于2021年5月、7月和9月在区内设置6个研究点,在其中布设33条有效样线,对两栖爬行动物的多样性和海拔分布特征进行调查,并通过访问调查与文献查阅方法对实地调查结果进行补充。结果表明,大熊猫国家公园荥经片区现有两栖爬行动物4目18科67种,其中两栖动物2目9科31种,爬行动物2目9科36种。东洋界物种占绝对优势,其中,两栖动物除黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)以外全为东洋界物种,爬行动物中东洋界物种有26种,广布种仅有9种。6个研究点的Shanoon-Winner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和生态优势度指数变化趋势基本一致,由高到低排序为,新庙、泡草湾、泥巴山、云雾山、大石坝、安靖。对区域内两栖动物的栖息地类型进行比较发现,陆栖-山区高原型生境中生活的两栖动物种类最多。两栖动物的丰富度随海拔梯度的升高呈现逐渐降低的趋势,爬行动物由于所发现的数量有限,并未发现明显的海拔分布特征。

[Objectives]Amphibians and reptiles are important components of biodiversity and important groups of ecosystems.In this study,we investigated the diversity and altitudinal distribution characteristics of amphibians and reptiles in Yingjing Area of the Giant Panda National Park(102°19′﹣102°55′E,29°28′﹣29°56′N).[Methods]From May to September 2021,we set up six observation sites in the Yingjing Area of Giant Panda National Park,and set up 33 effective line transects to investigate the diversity and elevation distribution of amphibians and reptiles,and supplemented the field survey results by interview survey and literature review(Appendix 1).We calculated the Shanoon-Winner’s diversity index,Pielou’s evenness index and ecological dominance index by Spass software(IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0).In addition,Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for these three indices in six study sites.Finally,we analyzed the correlation between the distribution of amphibians and reptiles and the elevation.The statistical test was set two-tailed,and the nominal significance level was set at P=0.05.[Results]There are 67 species of amphibians and reptiles in the region,including 31 species of amphibians in 9 families of 2 orders and 36 species of reptiles in 9 families of 2 orders.All amphibians are Oriental species except Pelophylax nigromaculatus.There are 26 species of Middle Eastern Ocean reptiles,and only 9 species are widespread species(Appendix 2).By comparing the habitat types of amphibians in the region,we found the local amphibians were different in their adaptability to the environment(Table 1).The Shanoon-Winner’s diversity index,Pielou’s evenness index and ecological dominance index of the six observation sites showed similar change trends with Xinmiao>Paocaowan>Niba mountain>Yunwu mountain>Dashiba>Anjing(Table 2).[Conclusion]The abundance of amphibians decreased gradually with the increase of altitude gradient.Due to the limited number of reptiles,we did not find obvious altitude distribution characteristics(Fig.3).