肺癌筛查与早期诊断的研究现状与挑战

Current status and challenges of research on lung cancer screening and early diagnosis

有效的筛查与早期诊断能显著改善肺癌的预后,减少肺癌死亡率.目前低剂量CT(low-dose computed tomography, LDCT)是肺癌最主要的筛选方法.同时,肺癌自身抗体、人工智能等也被逐渐应用于临床肺癌的筛查与早期诊断.径向支气管内超声、虚拟导航等呼吸介入技术的发展有助于早期肺癌的精准诊断.另外,新型技术,如液体活检、呼出气分析也有望为肺癌的筛查与早期诊断提供重要支持.然而,各种技术方法均有其局限性,优化组合可能是最佳选择.本文就肺癌筛查与早期诊断的研究现状与挑战进行综述,以期为临床医生和研究者提供参考.

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Effective screening and early diagnosis can significantly improve the prognosis and reduce the risk of death in patients with lung cancer. Currently, low-dose computed tomography is the main screening method. Simultaneously, lung cancer-associated autoantibodies, artificial intelligence, and others have been gradually used in clinical practice. The development of respiratory interventional techniques such as endobronchial ultrasonography and virtual bronchoscopic navigation provide powerful tools for the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer at the early stage. In addition, new technologies such as liquid biopsy and exhaled breath analysis are expected to provide important tools for lung cancer screening and early diagnosis. However, each technique has its limitations, and optimization and combination may be the best choice. This paper reviews the status and challenges in the screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer to provide a reference for clinical doctors and researchers.