飞机阵风响应减缓技术综述

Review of aircraft gust alleviation technology

为降低阵风对飞机飞行性能与安全的影响,早期往往通过加强飞机结构来抵抗阵风干扰。从20世纪50年代开始,人们逐步发展了基于主动控制的阵风响应减缓技术,并成功应用于多个实际飞机型号,有效降低了阵风响应,提高了飞机的疲劳寿命和飞行品质。国内的相关研究起步较晚,在国产大飞机等项目的需求牵引下,阵风减缓的工程应用已提上日程。本文提出了飞机阵风减缓研究的总体技术路线,并按此路线梳理了以下技术的历史发展和研究现状:首先介绍了阵风减缓的基础数学模型,涉及飞机动力学模型、阵风模型、非定常气动力模型及阵风响应分析方法;其次从减缓控制机理和控制律设计两个方面分析了阵风减缓的设计方法;回顾了阵风减缓风洞试验和飞行试验及实际应用的具体案例;最后概述了阵风减缓研究的前沿进展并总结了亟需解决的关键技术问题,以期为该领域的科研和工程技术人员提供借鉴与帮助。

To reduce the impact of gust on aircraft flight performance and safety, the structure of the aircraft was often strengthened to resist gusts interference in the early days. Since the 1950 s, the gust alleviation technology based on active control has been gradually developed and successfully applied to many practical aircrafts, effectively reducing the gust response and improving the fatigue life and flight quality of aircraft. Domestic related research started late, and the engineering application of gust alleviation has been put on the agenda due to the demand of domestic large aircraft projects. This paper puts forward the general technical route of aircraft gust alleviation, and summarizes the historical development and research status of the following technologies according to this route. Firstly, the basic mathematical models of gust alleviation are introduced, involving the aircraft dynamics model, gust model, unsteady aerodynamic model and gust response analysis method. Secondly, the design methods of gust alleviation are analyzed in terms of alleviation mechanism and control law design. The specific cases of gust alleviation wind tunnel test and flight test and practical applications are reviewed. Finally, the frontier progress of gust alleviation research is summarized and the key technical problems that need to be solved urgently are discussed, providing insights for scientific research and engineering technicians in this field.