飞机防滑刹车控制技术研究综述综述

Aircraft anti-skid braking control technology: A review

机轮刹车系统是飞机上最重要的着陆减速系统,关系到飞机的安全起降,其核心是防滑刹车控制技术。飞机刹车过程包含了众多在控制领域具有挑战的问题(不确定性、强非线性和强时变性),如何在刹车过程中有效克服着陆中所涉及的地面摩擦、刹车盘力矩波动、起落架载荷变化和阵风等具有复杂非线性特征的干扰,实现对地面结合力的可控利用,将对提高飞机地面安全发挥重要作用。本文对飞机防滑刹车控制技术进行综述。简述了飞机机轮防滑刹车系统的作用、发展、基本控制原理和典型架构;从应用需求出发归纳了关键评价指标;以数学模型的形式描述了系统内的典型非线性环节和着陆环境中的扰动;按照飞机防滑控制技术发展的顺序,依次介绍讨论了开关式防滑控制、偏压调制式防滑控制、自适应防滑控制和智能防滑控制中具有代表性的方法。从刹车控制律验证角度介绍了全数字仿真和试验方法。最后,结合刹车控制系统研制所存在的问题与挑战对本领域所涉及的技术研究重点进行了展望。

As the most crucial landing and deceleration mechanism of an airplane, aircraft braking system is closely associated to the take-off and landing security of the vehicle. Due to its nature of uncertainty, strong nonlinearity and apparent time-variance, several challenging problems in the field of control are involved in the braking process. Disturbance with complicated nonlinear characteristics, such as ground friction, torque fluctuation of brake disc, load shift in undercarriage, and gust, must be effectively overcome so that the ground cohesion force can be utilized with maneuverability, thus ensuring the safe aboveground operation of airplanes. In this paper, we provide a thorough review over the technologies in the control of aircraft braking. First of all, we briefly introduce the function, development, basic control principle and typical structure of a wheel braking system. Moreover, we summarize the critical indicators for the evaluation of braking performance based on application requirements. In addition, mathematical models are set up to elaborate on the representative components of the braking system as well as some external disturbance. According to the sequence of how anti-skid braking technologies develop, we also discuss some typical control methods in “off-on” anti-skid control, “modulated” anti-skid control, adaptive anti-skid control and intelligent anti-skid control. Then, we illustrate full-digital simulation and other testing methods that aims at verifying the feasibility of anti-skid control strategies. Finally, given the challenges faced by the development of anti-skid braking system, we raise some prospects of the research highlights in this field.