飞行器仿生防冰涂层技术现状与趋势

Research progress and development trend of bio-inspired anti-icing coatings for aircraft

飞行器结冰一直是影响飞行安全的主要气象因素之一,高效可靠的防除冰技术是保障飞行器全天候飞行安全的基本要求。本文结合国内外飞行器防除冰技术的发展现状介绍了现有飞行器防除冰技术的技术手段、优缺点、应用现状和发展趋势,重点探讨了仿生防冰涂层技术的低粘附防冰机理和面向飞行器防除冰应用的挑战,分析讨论了仿生低粘附防冰涂层与新型电热/光热涂层主被动复合节能防冰的可行性,并对飞行器仿生防冰涂层技术的发展前景进行了分析和展望。

Icing on aircraft has always been one of the main meteorological factors that impact the all-weather flight safety, and thus high-efficient and reliable anti-icing/de-icing techniques have become the basic requirement for ensuring all-weather flight safety. Based on the research progress of anti-icing/de-icing techniques for aircraft both at home and abroad, the technical means, merits and demerits and application status of present aircraft anti-icing techniques were introduced. The low adhesion anti-icing mechanisms of bio-inspired anti-icing coating and the challenges of their application in aircraft fields were highlighted. The energy saving feasibility of active/passive integrated anti-icing of bio-inspired anti-icing coatings and novel electro-thermal/photo-thermal coatings were discussed. Finally, the development trend and prospects of bio-inspired anti-icing coatings for aircraft applications were analyzed.