基于GNSS信息的天文航海训练辅助系统

Auxiliary equipment for celestial navigation training based on GNSS information

天文航海利用自然天体观测实现定位导航,具有隐蔽、可靠、自主及全球适用的显著优点,是战时卫星导航不可用条件下远洋航海保障的重要手段。航海人员在天文航海观测训练中无法实时掌握天体高度与方位基准信息,导致训练效果反馈不及时、训练效率低下。针对该问题,以基于Arduino的可穿戴式智能手表为开发平台,利用平台自带全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)模块输出的协调世界时(universal time coordinated, UTC)时间与定位信息,依据天体视位置解算模型与天体高度方位解算模型,开发天文航海训练辅助设备。设备可实时解算并显示舰船所在位置的天体高度与方位,并结合平台WiFi通信模块向服务器上传观测误差数据,辅助人员完成天体高度观测、天测罗经差等天文航海科目训练与考核。系统采用天文航海计算模型准确有效,经过与紫金山天文台编算的航海天文历数据进行对比测试,视赤经误差最大为0.01 s,视赤纬最大为0.1″,完全可以满足海上天文航海训练的基本要求,系统已在航海院校航海实习中应用。

Celestial navigation uses natural celestial body observation to realize positioning and navigation, which has the remarkable advantages of concealment, reliability, autonomy and global applicability. It is an important means of ocean navigation support under the condition that satellite navigation is not available in wartime. Seafarers can not grasp the reference information of celestial altitude and azimuth in real time in the celestial navigation observation training, which leads to the untimely feedback of training effect and low training efficiency. To solve this problem, taking the wearable smart watch based on Arduino as the development platform, using the UTC time and positioning information output by the platform’s own GNSS module, and according to the celestial apparent position calculation model and celestial altitude and azimuth calculation model, the celestial navigation training auxiliary equipment is developed. The equipment can calculate and display the altitude and azimuth of celestial bodies where the ship is located in real time, upload observation error data in combination with the platform WiFi communication module, and assist personnel to complete the training and assessment of celestial and navigation subjects such as celestial altitude observation, celestial compass error and so on. Through the comparative test with the nautical almanac data calculated by the Purple Mountain Observatory, the solar apparent position calculation data is exactly the same as the annual calendar data, and the apparent position accuracy of aeronautical stars and planets does not exceed 0.1 angular minutes. The equipment has been applied in the maritime practice of marine colleges.