合肥市高校在校学生4种过敏性疾病患病情况及其对心理的影响

Prevalence of four kinds of allergic diseases and their psychological impact on college students in Hefei City

目的 调查高校本科生和研究生人群中变应性鼻炎、哮喘、特应性皮炎、荨麻疹等4种过敏性疾病的患病情况,分析过敏性疾病对心理的影响。方法 通过纸质问卷结合电子问卷调查形式调查安徽省合肥市高校在校学生人群(包括本科生和研究生)中4种过敏性疾病的患病率,通过焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)两种量表测试调查对象心理状态。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析。结果 1 652名在校学生中,患过敏性疾病者共375人,患病率22.7%,其中患变应性鼻炎者295人,患病率17.9%;特应性皮炎117人,患病率7.1%;哮喘者53人,患病率3.2%;荨麻疹者21人,患病率1.3%。患过敏性疾病与未患过敏性疾病的学生之间的焦虑状态(21.3%vs. 9.9%,χ^(2)=34.300,P<0.001)、抑郁状态(33.9%vs. 22.4%,χ^(2)=20.341,P<0.001)的检出率,差异具有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析显示,过敏性疾病是出现焦虑状态(a OR=2.395,95%CI:1.689~3.397,P<0.001)和抑郁状态(aOR=2.007,95%CI:1.509~2.670,P<0.001)的独立危险因素。结论 合肥市高校在校学生的过敏性疾病患病率较高,以变应性鼻炎最为显著,过敏性疾病影响患者的心理状态。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and urticaria among undergraduate and postgraduate students, and to analyze the psychological impact of allergic diseases.Methods The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and urticaria among 18-25 years old college students( including undergraduates and postgraduates) in Hefei City, Anhui Province was investigated by paper questionnaire and electronic survey. The psychological status of subjects was tested by self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale. SPSS 24. 0 was used for statistical analysis.Results Among the 1 652 respondents, 375(22. 7%) developed allergic diseases, including 295(17. 9%) with allergic rhinitis, 117(7. 1%) with atopic dermatitis, 53(3. 2%) with asthma, and 21(1. 3%) with urticaria. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of anxiety(21. 3% vs. 9. 9%,χ^(2)= 34. 300,P<0. 001) and depression(33. 9% vs. 22. 4%,χ^(2) = 20. 341, P<0. 001) between respondents with and without allergic diseases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that allergic disease was an independent risk factor for anxiety(a OR= 2. 395,95% CI: 1. 689-3. 397,P< 0. 001) and depressiona(OR= 2. 007, 95%CI: 1. 509-2. 670,P< 0. 001).Conclusion There is a high prevalence of allergic diseases among undergraduate and graduate students in Hefei City, especially allergic rhinitis. Allergic diseases significantly affect the psychological state of patients.