漳州市2016—2019年公共场所嗜肺军团菌检测及分型分析

Detection and typing analysis of Legionella pneumophila in public places in Zhangzhou City from 2016 to 2019

目的 了解漳州市公共场所分离出的嗜肺军团菌病源学特征,为卫生监督管理提供依据。方法 2016—2019年采集漳州市部分公共场所集中空调冷却水和淋浴场所的淋浴水445份,进行嗜肺军团菌检测和分型分析。结果 采集445份水样,嗜肺军团菌阳性114份,阳性率25.62%。不同年份嗜肺军团菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.303,P<0.001);冷却水与淋浴水嗜肺军团菌检出率分别为9.68%和29.83%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.686,P<0.001);分离阳性菌株491株,鉴定为13种血清型,以LP1型和LP6型为优势菌型,占检出菌的35.38%(159/491)和23.47%(115/491);分离嗜肺军团菌阳性菌株66株,经PFGE聚类分析,可分为38种带型,菌株之间的相似系数26.50%~100%。结论 漳州市公共场所存在一定程度的嗜肺军团菌污染,应加强公共场所集中空调冷却塔和淋浴场所的淋浴管道的清洗、消毒和监管。

Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of Legionella pneumophila in public places in Zhangzhou City from 2016 to 2019, and provide basis for health supervision and management.Methods From 2016 to 2019, 445 water samples were collected from cooling water of central air-conditioning in public places and shower water in shower places in Zhangzhou City for Legionella pneumophila detection and typing analysis.Results Among the 445 samples, 114 samples were positive for Legionella pneumophila, with a positive rate of 25. 62%. There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in different years χ^(2) = 30. 303,P<0. 001). The detection rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and shower water were 9. 68% and 29. 83%, respectively, with statistically significant differences(χ^(2) = 13. 686,P<0. 001). 491 positive strains were isolated, with a total of 13 serotypes. And the serotypes were mainly LP1 and LP6, accounting for 35. 38%(159/491) and 23. 47%(115/491), respectively. The 66 strains of Legionella pneumophila were classified into 38 band types by PFGE cluster analysis, with the similarity coefficient between strains of 26. 5%-100%.Conclusion There is a certain degree of Legionella pneumophila contamination in public places in Zhangzhou City. The cleaning, disinfection and strict supervision of the centralized air-conditioning cooling towers in public places and the shower pipes in shower places should be strengthened.