阴道卵黄囊瘤2例并文献复习

Yolk Sac Tumor of Vagina:A Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review

卵黄囊瘤又称为内胚窦瘤,源自胚胎性腺原始生殖细胞,是一种恶性程度极高的生殖细胞肿瘤,通常发生在性腺组织,如卵巢和睾丸,很少发生于性腺外组织,如骶尾部、外阴、阴道、宫颈、腹膜等处。阴道卵黄囊瘤极为罕见,国内外报道仅100余例,多发生在3岁以下的婴幼儿,多表现为阴道流血、尿布血染。由于该疾病罕见,恶性程度高、进展快,研究报道多为个案,样本量少,国内外缺乏前瞻性研究,故目前尚无统一的诊治标准。本文通过两例病理结果确诊为阴道卵黄囊瘤的婴儿的临床资料,结合相关文献复习分析该两例患者诊疗过程中的一些经验和体会。

Yolk sac tumor,also known as endodermal sinus tumor,originates from primordial germ cells of the embryonic gonad.It is a highly malignant germ cell tumor,which usually occurs in the gonad(ovary and testis).Extra-gonadal yolk sac tumor is very rare.It can be seen in the sacrum,vulva,vagina,cervix,peritoneum,and so on.Vaginal endodermal sinus tumor is extremely rare,only more than 100 cases have been reported at home and abroad,mostly in infants under 3 years old,mostly characterized by vaginal bleeding and blood stains on the diaper.Because the disease is rare,highly malignant,rapidly progressive,most of the research are case studies with small samples.And there is a lack of prospective research at home and abroad,so there is no unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment.Based on the clinical data of two infants with vaginal endodermal sinus tumor diagnosed by pathology,experience in the diagnosis and treatment of this case were reviewed and analyzed with literature.