深圳市高血压和糖尿病患者感知绿地对健康影响情况及影响因素分析

Perception about the effects of green space on health and influencing factors among the hypertension and diabetes patients in Shenzhen

目的 了解深圳市高血压、糖尿病患者感知绿地对健康影响情况及影响因素,为评价绿地等健康支持性环境对慢性病患者的健康促进作用提供依据。方法 于2019年11月至2020年1月采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理满1年的1 514名35岁及以上的高血压或糖尿病患者开展问卷调查,收集调查对象人口学特征、周围绿地感知及利用情况、建议利用绿地人员类型和社会支持情况等信息。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果 调查人群中,感知绿地对健康有影响的比例为78.80%。利用健康知识宣传区、健康步道、健身区、健康小屋、集体锻炼场地的比例分别为67.83%、85.20%、73.18%、25.63%、63.94%。听取医生、家人、朋友建议去利用绿地的比例分别为55.97%(741/1 324)、57.02%(755/1 324)和33.16%(439/1 324)。社会支持度P、M、P分别为150、192和192分。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,周围有绿地(OR=1.861)、文化程度(OR=1.250)、利用集体锻炼场地(OR=1.620)、朋友建议(OR=1.468)、家人建议(OR=1.506)、医生建议(OR=1.886)和高联系强度社会支持度(OR=1.004)均与感知绿地对健康影响相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 高血压、糖尿病患者对绿地的利用存在差异,周围绿地和社会网络可影响人群认为绿地对健康影响的感知。

Objective To understand the perception about the effects of green space on health and influencing factors among the hypertension and diabetes patients in Shenzhen,and provide the basis for evaluating health promotion effect of supportive environments such as green spaces on patients with chronic diseases. Methods From November 2019 to January 2020,the stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 1 514 hypertension or diabetes patients (≥35 years old) with the basic public health service for one year in Shenzhen as the subjects. The investigation was performed with questionnaires(collecting the information of demographic characteristics,perception and utilization of surrounding green space,persons types of suggesting the utilization of surrounding green space,and social support). Mann-Whitney U test,χ~2 test,and multi-varied logistic regression were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 22.0. Results The proportion of subjects with the perception about the effects of green space on health was 78.80%.The proportions of subjects with utilization for health knowledge promotion area,health trail,fitness area,health hut and group exercise area were 67.83%,85.20%,73.18%,25.63% and 63.94%,respectively. The proportions of subjects with utilization of green space according to the suggestion of doctors,family and friends were 55.97%(741/1 324),57.02%(755/1 324) and 33.16%(439/1 324),respectively. The P,M and Pof social support were 150 scores,192 scores and 192 scores. The multi-varied logistic regression showed that surrounding green space(OR=1.861),education level(OR=1.250),utilization of public exercise place(OR=1.620),friend suggestion(OR=1.468),family suggestion(OR=1.506),doctor suggestion(OR=1.886) and social supports of high tie strength(OR=1.004) were associated with the perception about the effects of green space on health,P<0.05 or P<0.01. Conclusion There are differences in the utilization of green space in patients with hypertension and diabetes,and the perception of the impact of green space on health are related to surrounding green space and social network.