铝锰合金点火药燃烧性能与安定性试验研究

Experimental study on combustion performance and stability of AlMn12 alloy ignition composition

为了探索铝锰(AlMn12)合金粉的燃烧性能与安定性,为金属燃料增加新的可用且性能优良的种类,通过离心雾化法制备了铝锰合金粉,并以铝锰合金粉、铝(Al)粉、锰(Mn)粉3种金属粉的活化能作为点火性能的判断依据对比了三者的点火能力。结果表明,铝锰合金粉活化能比同粒度铝粉低14.4 kJ/mol,表明高温下铝锰合金粉比铝粉易点火,点火性能优于铝。以铝锰合金粉、锰粉与高氯酸钾(KP)、氧化铜(CuO)、高氯酸铵(AP)分别混合获得点火药并对点火药的燃烧性能进行了表征。结果表明,与将锰粉作为燃料的点火药相比,以铝锰合金粉为燃料的点火药燃烧峰压、增压速率、平均质量燃速更高,燃烧性能更为优异。基于真空安定性试验,对以铝锰合金粉为燃料的点火药进行了相容与安定性能的测试,结果表明3种点火药的放气量均小于相容性与安定性的最小放气量标准,表明点火药相容性、安定性能均满足要求。

To provide new kinds of available and excellent metal fuels,the combustion performance and stability of aluminum-manganese(AlMn12)alloy powders have been investigated.In this study,the AlMn alloy powders were prepared via centrifugal atomization.The morphology and distribution of elements were characterized via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that the sphericity of prepared alloy powders is great with well-distributed Al and Mn elements.The activation energy of AlMn12 alloy powders,aluminum(Al)powders,and manganese(Mn)powders were evaluated and applied as the criterion for judging the ignition performance.The thermal behavior was conducted using a thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry(TG/DSC)analyzer for evaluating the oxidization kinetics and calculating the activation energy of the three metal powders to compare the ignition capabilities.The results show that the activation energy of AlMn12 alloy powders is 14.4 kJ/mol lower than that of aluminum powders,indicating that AlMn12 is easier to ignite than Al at high temperatures.Thus the ignition performance of AlMn12 alloy powders is better than aluminum.AlMn12 alloy powders and Mn powders were mixed with potassium perchlorate(KP),copper oxide(CuO),and ammonium perchlorate(AP)according to the ratio of zero oxygen balance to obtain ignition composition.The combustion performance of ignition composition has been characterized by a pressure cell test under 1 MPa oxygen.The peak combustion pressure,maximum pressurization rate,and average mass burning rate were evaluated.The results indicate that the combustion performance of ignition composition with AlMn alloy powders as the fuel is better than that of Mn-based ignition composition.Based on the vacuum stability experiment method,the compatibility and stability of Al-Mn-based ignition composition were tested.According to the national army standard,1 g ignition composition was heated to 100℃and kept at 100℃for 48 h.The results show that the outgassing of the ignition composition is less than the minimum values of compatibility and stability standard,which indicates that the compatibility and stability of the ignition composition meet the requirements.