国际航班飞行员复诵差错影响因素研究

Study on factors affecting pilot readback error in international flights

为研究我国航线飞行员在非母语陆空通话环境下复诵差错的影响因素,从航空公司采集跨越不同区域的46.2 h国际航班通话语音数据,采用文字记录分析法对数据进行处理,获取2535句通话,同时针对相关飞行员实施问卷调查和深度访谈,提出通话特征、飞行员特点、管制员特点、空域特点和频率干扰5个维度的因素集,最后建立Logistic模型分区域定量分析飞行员复诵差错的影响因素。结果表明:飞行员语言能力和标准通话术语使用在各区域均与飞行员复诵差错水平呈现显著相关;频率干扰、通话复杂程度、管制员口音和管制员语速在部分区域与飞行员复诵差错水平呈现显著相关;针对区域差异提出的改进建议可进一步应用于飞行员通话复诵培训中,减少复诵人因差错的发生。

To study the factors affecting readback errors by China’s airline transport pilot using English as a second language,46.2 hours of radiotelephony communication recordings of 16 international flights were collected from major airlines in China.Areas that the international flights covered were classified into 4 categories:Asia,North America,Europe,and Oceania.Radiotelephony communication recordings of 16 international flights were converted to 2535 transmissions,of which 219 transmissions include pilot readback errors.The pilot readback errors were classified into 3 categories:partial readback,readback mistakes,and no readback.Then,a questionnaire survey of 20 expert pilots(5000 or more flight hours logged in international lines)and in-depth interviews of 6 pilots whose international flight experience range from 1 year to 25 years were conducted to collect data on pilots’opinions on factors affecting their readback errors based on their own flight experience.Based on literature analysis,task analysis,questionnaire survey,and in-depth interviews,5 dimensions of affecting factors were concluded:radiotelephony transmission features,pilot characteristics,controller characteristics,airspace characteristics,and radio interference.Logistic regression models were established to analyze the data from Asia,North America,Europe,and Oceania respectively.The results of logistic regression show:in all 4 areas mentioned above pilot language proficiency and usage of standard phraseologies are significantly correlated with pilot readback errors;in Asia,the complexities of radiotelephony transmission,radio interference,and controller accent are significantly correlated with pilot readback errors;in North America,radio interference and controller speech rate are significantly correlated with pilot readback errors;in Europe,the complexities of radiotelephony transmission and radio interference are significantly correlated with pilot readback error.Based on the conclusion of this study,specific suggestions are put forward on how to reduce pilot readback errors in different areas,which can be implemented in pilot readback training concerning radiotelephony communication of international flights.