橡胶硫化过程中VOCs散发特性研究

Research on emission characteristics of VOCs in rubber vulcanization process

VOCs是橡胶硫化车间中的典型污染物,研究VOCs散发特性并制定相应的控制策略对保障室内环境、保护人员健康至关重要。通过试验研究了橡胶制品业中全钢子午线胎坯、半钢子午线胎坯、电动车胎坯和自行车胎坯等4种胎坯在硫化过程中各阶段VOCs散发特性。在橡胶制品行业,4种胎坯在正硫化阶段、冷却阶段、转运阶段的试验结果如下:胎坯硫化过程中VOCs散发速率与胎坯温度呈正相关,每吨全钢子午线胎坯在冷却阶段VOCs累积散发量是半钢子午线胎坯、电动车胎坯和自行车胎坯的4~6倍;相比于弱对流(v=0.3 m/s)条件,在冷却阶段利用3.5 m/s的强对流对四种胎胚进行降温,可降低冷却和转运阶段VOCs累积散发量16.90%~24.54%,研究结果为硫化车间实现VOCs有效控制提供了重要的参考。

VOCs are typical pollutants in rubber vulcanization workshops.Studying the emission characteristics of VOCs and formulating corresponding control strategies is very important for indoor environment and personnel safety.To study the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds during the vulcanization process of blank tires,a test bench was built in this study based on the actual vulcanization process.The main body of the test bench includes an enclosed cavity and an electric oven.The electric oven is used as rubber vulcanization equipment.The enclosed cavity captures pollutants generated by vulcanization.Several measuring points are arranged on the exhaust duct to detect wind speed and VOCs concentration.In this paper,four kinds of tire blanks in the rubber products industry,including all-steel radial tires,semi-steel radial tires,electric car tires,and bicycle tires,are experimentally studied at various stages of the vulcanization process.In the rubber products industry,the results of the four types of green tires in the flat vulcanization stage,cooling stage,and transfer stage are as follows:The emission rate of VOCs during the tire vulcanization process is positively correlated with the temperature of the green tire;the cumulative emission of VOCs from all-steel radial tire per ton at cooling stage is about 4-6 times of semi-steel radial tires,electric car tires and bicycle tires.In addition,this paper proposes to use forced convection to cool the fetus and tests the inhibitory effect of this method on VOCs emission.The results show that when the green tire is cooled at a forced convection velocity of 3.5 m/s during the cooling stage,the cumulative VOCs emissions of all-steel radial tires,semi-steel radial tires,electric vehicle tires,and bicycle tires during the cooling stage decrease respectively by 16.90%,17.38%,20.83%,and 20.64%,and the cumulative emissions of VOCs during the transit phase reduce by 18.26%,18.87%,24.54%,and 24.01%,respectively.